Amasistimu ebhethri esitoreji samandla (ESS)zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu njengoba isidingo somhlaba wonke samandla esimeme nokuzinza kwegridi sikhula. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi asetshenziselwa ukugcinwa kwamandla esikali segridi, izinhlelo zokusebenza zezentengiselwano nezimboni, noma amaphakheji elanga lendawo yokuhlala, ukuqonda amagama ayisihluthulelo obuchwepheshe amabhethri okugcina amandla kubalulekile ekukhulumeni ngempumelelo, ukuhlola ukusebenza, nokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi.
Nokho, i-jargon endaweni yokugcina amandla inkulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi iyesabisa. Injongo yalesi sihloko ukukunikeza umhlahlandlela ophelele futhi okulula ukuwuqonda ochaza ulwazimagama oluwumongo wezobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wamabhethri okugcina amandla ukukusiza ukuthi uthole ukuqonda kangcono lobu buchwepheshe obubalulekile.
Imiqondo Eyisisekelo kanye namayunithi kagesi
Ukuqonda amabhethri okugcina amandla kuqala ngezinye izinto eziyisisekelo namayunithi kagesi.
Amandla kagesi (V)
Incazelo: I-Voltage inani elibonakalayo elikala ikhono lamandla kagesi ukwenza umsebenzi. Kalula nje, 'ngumehluko ongase ube khona' oshayela ukuhamba kukagesi. I-voltage yebhethri inquma 'i-thrust' engayinikeza.
Okuhlobene nokugcinwa kwamandla: Isamba sevoltheji yesistimu yebhethri ivamise ukuba isamba samavolumu amaseli amaningi ochungechungeni. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene (isb,amasistimu asekhaya ane-voltage ephansi or amasistimu we-C&I ane-voltage ephezulu) zidinga amabhethri ezilinganiso zamandla kagesi ahlukene.
Okwamanje (A)
Incazelo: Okwamanje izinga lokuhamba kokuqondisa kukagesi, 'ukugeleza' kukagesi. Iyunithi yi-ampere (A).
Ukuhambisana Nesitoreji Samandla: Inqubo yokushaja nokukhipha ibhethri ukugeleza kwamandla. Inani lokugeleza kwamanje linquma inani lamandla ibhethri elingawakhiqiza ngesikhathi esithile.
Amandla (Amandla, W noma kW/MW)
Incazelo: Amandla izinga amandla aguqulwa noma adluliswe ngaso. Ilingana ne-voltage ephindaphindwa yamanje (P = V × I). Iyunithi i-watt (W), evame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokugcina amandla njengama-kilowatts (kW) noma ama-megawatts (MW).
Okuhlobene nokugcinwa kwamandla: Amandla wamandla wesistimu yebhethri anquma ukuthi inganikeza noma imunce amandla kagesi ngokushesha kangakanani. Isibonelo, izinhlelo zokusebenza zokulawula imvamisa zidinga amandla aphezulu.
Amandla (Amandla, Wh noma kWh/MWh)
Incazelo: Amandla yikhono lesistimu yokwenza umsebenzi. Kungumkhiqizo wamandla nesikhathi (E = P × t). Iyunithi ihora le-watt (Wh), futhi ama-kilowatt-amahora (kWh) noma amahora we-megawatt (MWh) avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokugcina amandla.
Okuhlobene nokugcinwa kwamandla: Umthamo wamandla uyisilinganiso senani lamandla kagesi ibhethri elingawagcina. Lokhu kunquma ukuthi isistimu ingaqhubeka isikhathi esingakanani ukunikeza amandla.
Imigomo Yokusebenza Yebhethri Engukhiye Nezinhlamvu
Lawa magama abonisa ngokuqondile amamethrikhi okusebenza amabhethri okugcina amandla.
Amandla (Ah)
Incazelo: Amandla yisamba senani lokushajwa ibhethri elingalikhulula ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, futhi likalwa ngaloamahora ama-ampere (Ah). Ngokuvamile ibhekisela kumthamo olinganiselwe webhethri.
Okuhlobene nokugcinwa kwamandla: Umthamo uhlobene eduze nomthamo wamandla webhethri futhi uyisisekelo sokubala umthamo wamandla (Amandla Amandla ≈ Umthamo × Isilinganiso Somthamo Wamandla).
Amandla Amandla (kWh)
Incazelo: Isamba senani lamandla ibhethri elingawagcina futhi liwakhulule, ngokuvamile aboniswa ngama-kilowatt-hour (kWh) noma amahora we-megawatt (MWh). Kuyisilinganiso esibalulekile sosayizi wesistimu yokugcina amandla.
Okuhlobene Nesitoreji Samandla: Inquma ubude besikhathi uhlelo olunganika amandla umthwalo, noma ukuthi mangakanani amandla avuselelekayo angagcinwa.
Amandla Amandla (kW noma MW)
Incazelo: Umkhawulo wamandla ophumayo onganikezwa isistimu yebhethri noma ubuningi bamandla okufakwayo engawumunca nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, uvezwa ngama-kilowatts (kW) noma ama-megawatts (MW).
Okuhlobene nokugcinwa kwamandla: Inquma ukuthi angakanani amandla okusekela uhlelo olunganikeza isikhathi esifushane, isb ukubhekana nemithwalo ephezulu esheshayo noma ukushintshashintsha kwegridi.
Ukuminyana kwamandla (Wh/kg noma Wh/L)
Incazelo: Ikala inani lamandla ibhethri elingawagcina ngeyunithi yesisindo (Wh/kg) noma ivolumu yeyunithi ngayinye (Wh/L).
Ukuhambisana nokugcinwa kwamandla: Kubalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho isikhala noma isisindo sinqunyelwe, njengezimoto zikagesi noma amasistimu okugcina amandla ahlangene. Ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kusho amandla engeziwe angagcinwa ngevolumu efanayo noma isisindo.
Ukuminyana kwamandla (W/kg noma W/L)
Incazelo: Ikala amandla amakhulu ibhethri engawaletha ngeyunithi yesisindo (W/kg) noma ivolumu yeyunithi ngayinye (W/L).
Ihambisana nokugcinwa kwamandla: Ibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukushajwa nokushajwa okusheshayo, njengokulawula imvamisa noma amandla okuqalisa.
I-C-rate
Incazelo: I-C-rate imele izinga lapho ibhethri lishaja khona futhi liphume njengokuphindaphinda komthamo walo usuwonke. I-1C isho ukuthi ibhethri lizoshajwa ngokugcwele noma liphele ehoreni elingu-1; 0.5C kusho emahoreni ama-2; I-2C isho emahoreni angu-0.5.
Ihambisana nesitoreji samandla: I-C-rate iyimethrikhi eyinhloko yokuhlola ikhono lebhethri lokushaja nokukhipha ngokushesha. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zidinga ukusebenza okuhlukile kwe-C-rate. Ukukhishwa okuphezulu kwe-C-rate ngokuvamile kubangela ukwehla kancane komthamo kanye nokwanda kokukhiqizwa kokushisa.
I-State of Charge (SOC)
Incazelo: Ibonisa iphesenti (%) yenani lomthamo webhethri elisele okwamanje.
Okuhlobene nokugcinwa kwamandla: Ngokufanayo negeji kaphethiloli yemoto, ikhomba ukuthi ibhethri lizohlala isikhathi esingakanani noma ukuthi lidinga ukushajwa isikhathi esingakanani.
Ukujula Kokukhipha (DOD)
Incazelo: Ibonisa iphesenti (%) yenani lomthamo webhethri elikhishwa ngesikhathi liphuma. Isibonelo, uma usuka ku-100% SOC uye ku-20% SOC, i-DOD ingama-80%.
Ukuhambisana Nesitoreji Samandla: I-DOD inomthelela obalulekile empilweni yomjikelezo webhethri, futhi ukushajwa nokushajwa okungajulile (i-DOD ephansi) ngokuvamile kunenzuzo ekwandiseni impilo yebhethri.
Isimo Sezempilo (SOH)
Incazelo: Ibonisa iphesenti lokusebenza kwebhethri lamanje (isb. umthamo, ukumelana kwangaphakathi) uma kuqhathaniswa nebhethri elisha sha, elibonisa izinga lokuguga kanye nokuwohloka kwebhethri. Ngokuvamile, i-SOH engaphansi kwama-80% ibhekwa njengesekupheleni kokuphila.
Ukuhambisana Nesitoreji Samandla: I-SOH iyinkomba eyinhloko yokuhlola impilo esele nokusebenza kwesistimu yebhethri.
Impilo Yebhethri kanye Namagama Okubola
Ukuqonda imikhawulo yempilo yamabhethri kuyisihluthulelo sokuhlola umnotho kanye nokwakhiwa kwesistimu.
Cycle Life
Incazelo: Inani lemijikelezo yokushaja/yokukhipha ngokuphelele ibhethri elingakwazi ukumelana nayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile (isb, i-DOD ethile, izinga lokushisa, izinga lika-C) kuze kube yilapho umthamo wayo wehla ufika kumaphesenti omthamo wawo wokuqala (ngokuvamile u-80%).
Ihambisana nesitoreji samandla: Lena imethrikhi ebalulekile yokuhlola impilo yebhethri ezimeni zokusetshenziswa njalo (isb., ukulungisa igridi, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili nsuku zonke). Impilo yomjikelezo ophezulu isho ibhethri elihlala isikhathi eside
Impilo Yekhalenda
Incazelo: Isamba sempilo yebhethri kusukela ngesikhathi lenziwa ngaso, ngisho noma lingasetshenziswa, lizoguga ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ithintwa izinga lokushisa, i-SOC yokugcina, nezinye izici.
Ukuhambisana Nesitoreji Samandla: Kumandla ekhophi yasenqolobaneni noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingavamile, impilo yekhalenda ingaba imethrikhi ebaluleke kakhulu kunempilo yomjikelezo.
Ukucekelwa phansi
Incazelo: Inqubo lapho ukusebenza kwebhethri (isb, umthamo, amandla) kwehla ngendlela engenakuhlehliswa phakathi nokuhamba ngebhayisikili nangesikhathi.
Ukuhambisana nesitoreji samandla: Wonke amabhethri ayonakaliswa. Ukulawula izinga lokushisa, ukuthuthukisa amasu okushaja nokukhipha nokusebenzisa i-BMS ethuthukisiwe kunganciphisa ukwehla.
I-Capacity Fade / Ukufiphala kwamandla
Incazelo: Lokhu kubhekise ngqo ekuncishisweni komthamo omkhulu otholakalayo kanye nokwehliswa kwamandla aphezulu atholakalayo ebhethri, ngokulandelana.
Ukuhambisana Nesitoreji Samandla: Lezi ezimbili ziyizindlela eziyinhloko zokuwohloka kwebhethri, okuthinta ngokuqondile umthamo wokulondoloza amandla wesistimu nesikhathi sokuphendula.
Amagama ezingxenye zobuchwepheshe kanye nezingxenye zesistimu
Isistimu yokugcina amandla ayigcini nje ngebhethri ngokwayo, kodwa futhi mayelana nezingxenye ezibalulekile zokusekela.
Iseli
Incazelo: Ibhlokhi yokwakha eyisisekelo kakhulu yebhethri, egcina futhi ikhiphe amandla ngokusabela kwe-electrochemical. Izibonelo zifaka amaseli e-lithium iron phosphate (LFP) namaseli e-lithium ternary (NMC).
Okuhlobene nokugcinwa kwamandla: Ukusebenza nokuphepha kwesistimu yebhethri kuncike kakhulu kubuchwepheshe beselula obusetshenzisiwe.
Imojuli
Incazelo: Inhlanganisela yamaseli amaningana axhunywe ochungechungeni kanye/noma ngokufana, ngokuvamile anesakhiwo sokuqala sokusebenza kanye nezindawo zokuxhuma.
Kuhambisana nokugcinwa kwamandla: Amamojula angamayunithi ayisisekelo okwakha amaphakethe ebhethri, asiza ukukhiqiza nokuhlanganisa ngezinga elikhulu.
Iphakethe Lebhethri
Incazelo: Iseli lebhethri eliphelele elihlanganisa amamojula amaningi, isistimu yokuphatha ibhethri (BMS), isistimu yokulawula okushisayo, ukuxhumana kukagesi, izakhiwo zemishini kanye namadivayisi okuphepha.
Ukuhambisana nokugcinwa kwamandla: Iphakethe lebhethri liyingxenye eyinhloko yesistimu yokugcina amandla futhi iyiyunithi elethwa futhi ifakwe ngokuqondile.
Uhlelo Lokuphatha Ibhethri (BMS)
Incazelo: 'Ubuchopho' besistimu yebhethri. Inesibopho sokuqapha amandla kagesi ebhethri, yamanje, izinga lokushisa, i-SOC, i-SOH, njll., ukuyivikela ekushajweni ngokweqile, ekukhishweni ngokweqile, ekushiseni ngokweqile, njll., ukwenza ukulinganisa kwamaseli, nokuxhumana namasistimu angaphandle.
Ihambisana nokugcinwa kwamandla: I-BMS ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle nokwandisa impilo yesistimu yebhethri futhi isenhliziyweni yanoma iyiphi isistimu yokugcina amandla ethembekile.
(Isiphakamiso sokuxhumanisa kwangaphakathi: isixhumanisi sekhasi lewebhusayithi yakho ngobuchwepheshe be-BMS noma izinzuzo zomkhiqizo)
Uhlelo Lokuguqula Amandla (PCS) / Inverter
Incazelo: Iguqula i-direct current (DC) isuke kubhethri iye kwelinye elishintshayo (AC) ukuze inikeze amandla kugridi noma imithwalo, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho (isuka ku-AC iye ku-DC ukuze ishaje ibhethri).
Okuhlobene Nesitoreji Samandla: I-PCS iyibhuloho phakathi kwebhethri negridi/umthwalo, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwayo necebo lokulawula kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kukonke kwesistimu.
Ibhalansi Yezitshalo (BOP)
Incazelo: Ibhekisela kuzo zonke izinto ezisekelayo nezinhlelo ngaphandle kwephakethe lebhethri ne-PCS, okuhlanganisa amasistimu okuphatha okushisayo (ukupholisa/ukushisa), amasistimu okuvikela umlilo, amasistimu okuvikela, amasistimu okulawula, iziqukathi noma amakhabethe, amayunithi okusabalalisa amandla, njll.
Okuhlobene Nesitoreji Samandla: I-BOP iqinisekisa ukuthi isistimu yebhethri isebenza endaweni ephephile nezinzile futhi iyingxenye edingekayo yokwakha uhlelo oluphelele lokugcina amandla.
Isistimu Yokugcina Amandla (ESS) / Uhlelo Lwesitoreji Samandla Ebhethri (BESS)
Incazelo: Ibhekisela ohlelweni oluphelele oluhlanganisa zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo njengamaphekhi ebhethri, i-PCS, i-BMS ne-BOP, njll. I-BESS isho ngokuqondile isistimu esebenzisa amabhethri njengendawo yokugcina amandla.
Okuhlobene Nesitoreji Samandla: Lokhu ukulethwa kokugcina kanye nokuthunyelwa kwesixazululo sokugcina amandla.
Imigomo Yesimo Sokusebenza Nesicelo
Lawa magama achaza umsebenzi wesistimu yokugcina amandla kuhlelo lokusebenza olungokoqobo.
Ukushaja/Ukukhipha
Incazelo: Ukushaja ukugcina amandla kagesi ebhethrini; ukukhipha amandla kagesi ebhethrini.
Okuhlobene nokugcinwa kwamandla: ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kwesistimu yokugcina amandla.
I-Round-Trip Efficiency (RTE)
Incazelo: Isilinganiso esibalulekile sokusebenza kahle kwesistimu yokugcina amandla. Isilinganiso (ngokuvamile esivezwa njengephesenti) sengqikithi yamandla akhishiwe ebhethrini ukuya kuwo wonke amandla okokufaka ohlelweni ukuze kugcinwe lawo mandla. Ukulahlekelwa kokusebenza kahle kwenzeka ikakhulukazi phakathi nenqubo yokushaja/yokukhipha kanye nangesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwe-PCS.
Okuhlobene nokugcinwa kwamandla: I-RTE ephezulu isho ukulahlekelwa amandla amancane, ukuthuthukisa umnotho wesistimu.
Ukushefa Okuphakeme / Ukulinganisa Umthwalo
Incazelo:
Ukushefa Okuphakeme: Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ukuze kukhishwe amandla ngesikhathi samahora omthwalo omkhulu kakhulu kugridi, kunciphisa inani lamandla athengwe kugridi futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umthwalo omkhulu kanye nezindleko zikagesi.
Ukulinganisa Umthwalo: Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi oshibhile ukushaja amasistimu okugcina ngezikhathi eziphansi zokulayisha (lapho amanani kagesi ephansi) futhi uwakhiphe ngezikhathi eziphakeme kakhulu.
Okuhlobene nokugcinwa kwamandla: Lesi ngesinye sezinhlelo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokugcina amandla ohlangothini lwezohwebo, lwezimboni kanye nolwegridi, eklanyelwe ukwehlisa izindleko zikagesi noma ukwenza amaphrofayili alayishe bushelelezi.
Ukulawula Imvamisa
Incazelo: Amagridi adinga ukugcina ifrikhwensi yokusebenza ezinzile (isb. 50Hz eShayina). Imvamisa yehla lapho ugesi ungaphansi kokusetshenziswa kukagesi futhi uyakhuphuka lapho ugesi ungaphezu kokusetshenziswa kukagesi. Amasistimu okugcina amandla angasiza ukuzinzisa imvamisa yegridi ngokumunca noma ngokujova amandla ngokushaja okusheshayo nokuwakhipha.
Okuhlobene nokugcinwa kwamandla: Isitoreji sebhethri sifaneleke kahle ukunikeza ukulawulwa kwefrikhwensi yegridi ngenxa yesikhathi saso sokuphendula esisheshayo.
I-Arbitrage
Incazelo: Umsebenzi osizakala ngokuhluka kwamanani kagesi ngezikhathi ezahlukene zosuku. Shaja ngezikhathi lapho intengo kagesi iphansi futhi uphuma ngezikhathi lapho intengo kagesi iphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela uthole umehluko enanini.
Okuhlobene Nesitoreji Samandla: Lena imodeli yenzuzo yezinhlelo zokugcina amandla emakethe kagesi.
Isiphetho
Ukuqonda amagama asetshenziswayo ayisihluthulelo amabhethri okugcina amandla kuyisango lokungena ensimini. Kusukela kumayunithi kagesi ayisisekelo kuya ekuhlanganisweni kwesistimu eyinkimbinkimbi namamodeli wohlelo, ithemu ngayinye imele isici esibalulekile sobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla.
Ngethemba, ngezincazelo ezikulesi sihloko, uzothola ukuqonda okucacile kwamabhethri okugcina amandla ukuze ukwazi ukuhlola kangcono futhi ukhethe isisombululo esifanele sokugcina amandla ngezidingo zakho.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuminyana kwamandla kanye nokuminyana kwamandla?
Impendulo: Ukuminyana kwamandla kukala inani eliphelele lamandla elingagcinwa ngeyunithi ngayinye yevolumu noma isisindo (kugxilwe esikhathini sokuchithwa kwesikhathi); ukuminyana kwamandla kukala inani eliphezulu lamandla elingalethwa ngeyunithi ngayinye yevolumu noma isisindo (kugxile esilinganisweni sokukhishwa). Kalula nje, ukuminyana kwamandla kunquma ukuthi kuzohlala isikhathi esingakanani, futhi ukuminyana kwamandla yikho okunquma ukuthi 'kungaqhuma' kangakanani.
Kungani impilo yomjikelezo nempilo yekhalenda ibalulekile?
Impendulo: Impilo yomjikelezo ikala impilo yebhethri elisetshenziswa njalo, elifanele izimo zokusebenza ezinamandla, kuyilapho impilo yekhalenda ikala impilo yebhethri eliguga ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, elifanele izimo zokulinda noma zokusebenzisa okungajwayelekile. Ndawonye, banquma isamba sempilo yebhethri.
Yimiphi imisebenzi esemqoka ye-BMS?
Impendulo: Imisebenzi eyinhloko ye-BMS ihlanganisa ukuqapha isimo sebhethri (i-voltage, yamanje, izinga lokushisa, i-SOC, i-SOH), ukuvikela ukuphepha (ukukhokhiswa ngokweqile, ukukhishwa ngokweqile, izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu, i-short-circuit, njll.), ukulinganisa kwamaseli, nokuxhumana namasistimu angaphandle. Kuwumongo wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kwesistimu yebhethri.
Liyini izinga le-C? Lenzani?
Impendulo:I-C-rateimele ukuphindaphinda kokushaja kanye nokukhipha okwamanje okuhlobene nomthamo webhethri. Isetshenziselwa ukukala izinga ibhethri eshajwa ngalo futhi ishajwe ngayo futhi ithinta umthamo wangempela, ukusebenza kahle, ukukhiqiza ukushisa nempilo yebhethri.
Ingabe ukushefa okuphezulu kanye ne-tariff arbitrage yinto efanayo?
Impendulo: Zombili ziyizindlela zokusebenza ezisebenzisa amasistimu okugcina amandla ukuze zishaje futhi ziwakhiphe ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Ukushefa okuphezulu kugxile kakhulu ekwehliseni umthwalo kanye nezindleko zikagesi kumakhasimende ngezikhathi ezithile ezifunwa kakhulu, noma ukwenza bushelelezi ijika lomthwalo wegridi, kuyilapho i-tariff arbitrage iqondile futhi isebenzisa umehluko wezindleko phakathi kwezikhathi ezihlukene zokuthenga nokudayisa ugesi ukuze uthole inzuzo. Inhloso nokugxila kuhluke kancane.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-20-2025