Mabatire osungira mphamvu (ESS)akusewera gawo lofunikira kwambiri pomwe kufunikira kwamphamvu padziko lonse lapansi kwamphamvu komanso kukhazikika kwa gridi kukukulirakulira. Kaya amagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira mphamvu zamagetsi, malonda ndi mafakitale, kapena ma solar okhala ndi dzuwa, kumvetsetsa tanthauzo laukadaulo la mabatire osungira mphamvu ndikofunikira kuti tizilankhulana bwino, kuyesa magwiridwe antchito, ndikupanga zisankho mozindikira.
Komabe, jargon m'munda wosungiramo mphamvu ndi yayikulu ndipo nthawi zina imakhala yovuta. Cholinga cha nkhaniyi ndikukupatsani kalozera watsatanetsatane komanso wosavuta kumva yemwe akufotokoza mawu ofunikira kwambiri pankhani ya mabatire osungira mphamvu kuti akuthandizeni kumvetsetsa bwino zaukadaulo wofunikirawu.
Malingaliro Oyamba ndi Magawo Amagetsi
Kumvetsetsa mabatire osungira mphamvu kumayamba ndi mfundo zoyambira zamagetsi ndi mayunitsi.
Mphamvu yamagetsi (V)
Kufotokozera: Voltage ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi komwe kumayesa mphamvu ya mphamvu yamagetsi kuti igwire ntchito. Mwachidule, ndi 'kusiyana kotheka' komwe kumayendetsa kuyenda kwa magetsi. Mphamvu ya batire imatsimikizira 'kukankhira' komwe ingapereke.
Zogwirizana ndi kusungirako mphamvu: Mphamvu yonse yamagetsi a batri nthawi zambiri imakhala kuchuluka kwa ma voltages a ma cell angapo motsatizana. Ntchito zosiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo,makina otsika-voltage apanyumba or makina apamwamba kwambiri a C&I) amafuna mabatire amitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi.
Panopa (A)
Kufotokozera: Panopa ndi kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe ka magetsi, 'kuyenda' kwa magetsi. Chigawocho ndi ampere (A).
Kufunika kwa Kusungirako Mphamvu: Njira yolipirira ndi kutulutsa batire ndikuyenda kwamagetsi. Kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe kamakono kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe batri lingathe kupanga panthawi yoperekedwa.
Mphamvu (Mphamvu, W kapena kW/MW)
Kufotokozera: Mphamvu ndi mlingo womwe mphamvu imasinthidwa kapena kusamutsidwa. Ndilofanana ndi magetsi ochulukitsidwa ndi panopa (P = V × I). Chigawochi ndi watt (W), chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posungira mphamvu monga ma kilowatts (kW) kapena megawatts (MW).
Zokhudzana ndi kusungirako mphamvu: Mphamvu yamagetsi ya batri imatsimikizira kuti ingapereke kapena kuyamwa mphamvu zamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito zowongolera pafupipafupi zimafunikira mphamvu yayikulu.
Mphamvu (Mphamvu, Wh kapena kWh/MWh)
Kufotokozera: Mphamvu ndi kuthekera kwa kachitidwe kogwira ntchito. Ndizopangidwa ndi mphamvu ndi nthawi (E = P × t). Chigawochi ndi watt-hour (Wh), ndipo kilowatt-hours (kWh) kapena megawatt-hours (MWh) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posungira mphamvu.
Zokhudzana ndi kusungirako mphamvu: Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe batire lingasunge. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti dongosololi likhoza kupitiriza kupereka mphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji.
Magwiridwe Ofunika a Battery ndi Makhalidwe Abwino
Mawu awa akuwonetsa mwachindunji ma metrics a magwiridwe antchito a mabatire osungira mphamvu.
Mphamvu (Ah)
Kufotokozera: Mphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe batire limatha kutulutsa pansi pazifukwa zina, ndipo amayezedwamomaola ampere (Ah). Nthawi zambiri amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa batire.
Zokhudzana ndi kusungirako mphamvu: Mphamvu zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mphamvu ya mphamvu ya batri ndipo ndilo maziko a kuwerengera mphamvu ya mphamvu (Energy Capacity ≈ Capacity × Average Voltage).
Mphamvu Zamagetsi (kWh)
Kufotokozera: Mphamvu yonse yomwe batire ingasunge ndikutulutsa, nthawi zambiri imawonetsedwa mu ma kilowatt-hours (kWh) kapena megawatt-hours (MWh). Ndilo muyeso wofunikira wa kukula kwa dongosolo losungira mphamvu.
Zogwirizana ndi Kusungirako Mphamvu: Imatsimikizira kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe makina amatha kunyamula katundu, kapena kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zongowonjezera zomwe zingasungidwe.
Mphamvu (kW kapena MW)
Kufotokozera: Mphamvu yochuluka kwambiri yomwe batire ingapereke kapena mphamvu yochulukirapo yomwe imatha kuyamwa nthawi iliyonse, yowonetsedwa mu kilowatts (kW) kapena megawati (MW).
Zokhudzana ndi kusungirako mphamvu: Imatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe makina angapereke kwa nthawi yochepa, mwachitsanzo, kuthana ndi katundu wambiri nthawi yomweyo kapena kusinthasintha kwa grid.
Kuchuluka kwa Mphamvu (Wh/kg kapena Wh/L)
Kufotokozera: Imayesa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yomwe batire ingasunge pa unit mass (Wh/kg) kapena pa voliyumu ya unit (Wh/L).
Kufunika kosungirako mphamvu: Zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito pomwe malo kapena kulemera kuli kochepa, monga magalimoto amagetsi kapena makina osungira mphamvu. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumatanthauza kuti mphamvu zambiri zimatha kusungidwa mu voliyumu imodzi kapena kulemera kwake.
Kuchuluka kwa Mphamvu (W/kg kapena W/L)
Kufotokozera: Imayesa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe batire lingapereke pa unit mass (W/kg) kapena pa voliyumu ya unit (W/L).
Zogwirizana ndi kusungirako mphamvu: Zofunikira pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kuyitanitsa ndi kutulutsa mwachangu, monga kuwongolera pafupipafupi kapena mphamvu yoyambira.
Mtengo wa C
Kufotokozera: C-rate imayimira kuchuluka komwe batire imatchaja ndikutulutsa ngati kuchulukitsa kwa mphamvu yake yonse. 1C imatanthawuza kuti batire idzaperekedwa kapena kutulutsidwa mu ola limodzi; 0.5C amatanthauza mu maola 2; 2C imatanthawuza mu maola 0.5.
Zogwirizana ndi kusungirako mphamvu: C-rate ndi metric yofunikira pakuwunika mphamvu ya batire pakucharge ndikutulutsa mwachangu. Mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana amafunikira magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana a C-rate. Kutulutsa kwapamwamba kwa C-rate kumabweretsa kuchepa pang'ono kwa mphamvu komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha.
State of Charge (SOC)
Kufotokozera: Imawonetsa gawo (%) la kuchuluka kwa batire lomwe latsala.
Zokhudzana ndi kusungirako mphamvu: Mofanana ndi geji yamafuta agalimoto, imasonyeza utali wa batire kapena utali womwe uyenera kuyitcha.
Kuzama kwa Kutulutsa (DOD)
Kufotokozera: Imawonetsa peresenti (%) ya mphamvu yonse ya batri yomwe imatulutsidwa panthawi yotulutsa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muchoka ku 100% SOC kupita ku 20% SOC, DOD ndi 80%.
Kufunika kwa Kusungirako Mphamvu: DOD imakhudza kwambiri moyo wa batri, ndipo kutulutsa kosaya ndi kuyitanitsa (DOD yotsika) nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopindulitsa pakutalikitsa moyo wa batri.
State of Health (SOH)
Kufotokozera: Imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito a batri pano (monga kuchuluka kwa batire, kukana kwamkati) poyerekeza ndi batire yatsopano, kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ukalamba ndi kuwonongeka kwa batire. Kawirikawiri, SOH yocheperapo 80% imatengedwa kuti ili kumapeto kwa moyo.
Kufunika kwa Kusungirako Mphamvu: SOH ndi chizindikiro chofunikira chowunika moyo wotsalira ndi machitidwe a batri.
Moyo wa Battery ndi Kuwola Terminology
Kumvetsetsa malire a moyo wa mabatire ndikofunikira pakuwunika zachuma komanso kapangidwe kake.
Moyo Wozungulira
Kufotokozera: Kuchuluka kwa kuzungulira kwathunthu / kutulutsa komwe batri imatha kupirira pamikhalidwe inayake (mwachitsanzo, DOD yeniyeni, kutentha, C-rate) mpaka mphamvu yake itatsika mpaka kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yake yoyamba (nthawi zambiri 80%).
Zogwirizana ndi kusungirako mphamvu: Iyi ndi metric yofunikira pakuwunika moyo wa batire pakugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi (monga kukonza grid, kuyendetsa njinga tsiku ndi tsiku). Moyo wozungulira wapamwamba umatanthauza batire yokhazikika
Kalendala Moyo
Kufotokozera: Moyo wonse wa batri kuyambira nthawi yomwe imapangidwa, ngakhale siligwiritsidwa ntchito, imakalamba mwachilengedwe pakapita nthawi. Zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, kusunga SOC, ndi zina.
Kufunika kwa Kusungirako Mphamvu: Pamagetsi osunga zobwezeretsera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, moyo wapakalendala ukhoza kukhala wofunikira kwambiri kuposa moyo wozungulira.
Kutsitsidwa
Kufotokozera: Njira yomwe batire imagwirira ntchito (monga kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, mphamvu) imachepa mosasinthika pakapita njinga komanso pakapita nthawi.
Kufunika kwa kusunga mphamvu: Mabatire onse amawonongeka. Kuwongolera kutentha, kukhathamiritsa njira zolipirira ndi kutulutsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito BMS yapamwamba kumatha kuchepetsa kuchepa.
Kutha kwa Mphamvu / Kutha kwa Mphamvu
Kufotokozera: Izi zikutanthawuza makamaka kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zilipo komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu zomwe zilipo za batri, motsatira.
Kufunika kwa Kusungirako Mphamvu: Awiriwa ndi mitundu ikuluikulu yakuwonongeka kwa batri, yomwe imakhudza mwachindunji mphamvu yosungira mphamvu ndi nthawi yoyankha.
Terminology ya zigawo zaumisiri ndi zida zamakina
Dongosolo losungiramo mphamvu silimangokhudza batri yokha, komanso za zigawo zikuluzikulu zothandizira.
Selo
Kufotokozera: Chomangira chofunikira kwambiri cha batire, chomwe chimasunga ndikutulutsa mphamvu kudzera pamachitidwe a electrochemical. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo maselo a lithiamu iron phosphate (LFP) ndi maselo a lithiamu ternary (NMC).
Zokhudzana ndi kusungirako mphamvu: Kachitidwe ndi chitetezo cha batire zimatengera kwambiri ukadaulo wa ma cell omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Module
Kufotokozera: Kuphatikizika kwa maselo angapo olumikizidwa motsatizana ndi/kapena mofananira, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyambira ndi njira zolumikizirana.
Zogwirizana ndi kusungirako mphamvu: Ma modules ndi mayunitsi oyambira pomanga mapaketi a batri, kuwongolera kupanga kwakukulu ndi kuphatikiza.
Battery Pack
Kufotokozera: Selo lathunthu la batri lomwe lili ndi ma module angapo, makina oyendetsera batire (BMS), makina owongolera matenthedwe, kulumikizana kwamagetsi, zida zamakina ndi zida zotetezera.
Kufunika kwa kusungirako mphamvu: Battery paketi ndiye gawo lalikulu la dongosolo losungira mphamvu ndipo ndi gawo lomwe limaperekedwa ndikuyika mwachindunji.
Battery Management System (BMS)
Kufotokozera: 'Ubongo' wa dongosolo la batri. Ili ndi udindo woyang'anira magetsi a batri, zamakono, kutentha, SOC, SOH, ndi zina zotero, kuteteza kuti zisawonongeke, kutulutsa, kutentha kwambiri, ndi zina zotero, kugwirizanitsa ma cell, ndi kuyankhulana ndi machitidwe akunja.
Zogwirizana ndi kusungirako mphamvu: BMS ndiyofunikira kuonetsetsa chitetezo, kukhathamiritsa kwa magwiridwe antchito komanso kukulitsa moyo wa batri ndipo ili pamtima pa njira iliyonse yodalirika yosungira mphamvu.
(Maganizo olumikizira amkati: ulalo kutsamba latsamba lanu paukadaulo wa BMS kapena zopindulitsa)
Mphamvu Kutembenuka System (PCS) / Inverter
Kufotokozera: Amasintha magetsi (DC) kuchokera ku batire kupita ku alternating current (AC) kuti apereke mphamvu ku gululi kapena katundu, ndi mosemphanitsa (kuchokera ku AC kupita ku DC kuti azilipiritsa batire).
Zogwirizana ndi Kusungirako Mphamvu: PCS ndiye mlatho pakati pa batri ndi gridi / katundu, ndipo njira yake yoyendetsera bwino komanso yowongolera imakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito onse adongosolo.
Balance of Plant (BOP)
Kufotokozera: Zimatanthawuza zida zonse zothandizira ndi machitidwe ena kupatulapo batire paketi ndi PCS, kuphatikizapo machitidwe oyendetsa kutentha (kuzizira / kutentha), machitidwe otetezera moto, machitidwe otetezera, machitidwe olamulira, zitsulo kapena makabati, magawo ogawa magetsi, ndi zina zotero.
Zogwirizana ndi Kusungirako Mphamvu: BOP imawonetsetsa kuti batire imagwira ntchito pamalo otetezeka komanso okhazikika ndipo ndi gawo lofunikira pomanga dongosolo lathunthu losungira mphamvu.
Energy Storage System (ESS) / Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)
Kufotokozera: Zimatanthawuza dongosolo lathunthu lophatikiza zigawo zonse zofunika monga mapaketi a batri, PCS, BMS ndi BOP, ndi zina zotero.
Zogwirizana ndi Kusungirako Mphamvu: Uku ndiye kubweretsa komaliza ndikutumiza njira yosungira mphamvu.
Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito ndi Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito
Mawu awa akufotokoza ntchito ya dongosolo losungiramo mphamvu mu ntchito yeniyeni.
Kulipira/Kutulutsa
Kufotokozera: Kulipiritsa ndiko kusunga mphamvu yamagetsi mu batri; kutulutsa ndiko kutulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi kuchokera mu batri.
Zokhudzana ndi kusungirako mphamvu: ntchito yofunikira ya dongosolo losungira mphamvu.
Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri Paulendo (RTE)
Kufotokozera: Muyeso wofunikira kwambiri wa momwe makina osungira mphamvu amagwirira ntchito. Ndi chiŵerengero (kawirikawiri chimasonyezedwa ngati peresenti) cha mphamvu zonse zomwe zimachotsedwa mu batri kupita ku mphamvu zonse zomwe zimalowetsa ku dongosolo kuti asunge mphamvuzo. Kutayika kwachangu kumachitika makamaka panthawi yamalipiro / kutulutsa komanso panthawi ya kutembenuka kwa PCS.
Zokhudzana ndi kusungirako mphamvu: Kukwera kwa RTE kumatanthauza kuchepa kwa mphamvu, kukonza chuma chadongosolo.
Kumeta Peak / Kukweza Katundu
Kufotokozera:
Kumeta Peak: Kugwiritsa ntchito makina osungira mphamvu kuti atulutse mphamvu pa nthawi yayitali kwambiri pagululi, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zogulidwa pagululi ndipo motero kuchepetsa katundu wapamwamba komanso mtengo wamagetsi.
Kuyimitsa Katundu: Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi otsika mtengo kulipiritsa makina osungira panthawi yotsika (pamene mitengo yamagetsi ili yotsika) ndikuwatulutsa panthawi yokwera kwambiri.
Zogwirizana ndi kusungirako mphamvu: Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina osungira mphamvu pazamalonda, mafakitale ndi gululi, opangidwa kuti achepetse mtengo wamagetsi kapena kusalaza mbiri.
Kuwongolera pafupipafupi
Kufotokozera: Ma gridi amafunika kukhalabe ndi nthawi yokhazikika (mwachitsanzo 50Hz ku China). Mafupipafupi amagwera pamene kuperekedwa kuli kochepa kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ndipo kumakwera pamene kuperekedwa kuli kochuluka kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Makina osungira mphamvu amatha kuthandizira kukhazikika kwa ma gridi pafupipafupi poyamwa kapena kubaya mphamvu kudzera pakuyitanitsa mwachangu ndi kutulutsa.
Zogwirizana ndi kusungirako mphamvu: Kusungirako batri ndikoyenera kupereka kuwongolera pafupipafupi kwa grid chifukwa chakuyankha mwachangu.
Arbitrage
Kufotokozera: Ntchito yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa mitengo yamagetsi nthawi zosiyanasiyana masana. Limbikitsani nthawi zomwe mtengo wamagetsi ndi wotsika komanso kutulutsa nthawi yomwe mtengo wamagetsi uli wokwera, motero mumapeza kusiyana kwa mtengo.
Zogwirizana ndi Kusungirako Mphamvu: Ichi ndi njira yopezera phindu pamakina osungira mphamvu pamsika wamagetsi.
Mapeto
Kumvetsetsa mawu ofunikira aukadaulo a mabatire osungira mphamvu ndi njira yolowera m'munda. Kuchokera kumagulu amagetsi oyambira mpaka kuphatikizika kwamadongosolo ovuta ndi mitundu yogwiritsira ntchito, mawu aliwonse amayimira gawo lofunikira laukadaulo wosungira mphamvu.
Tikukhulupirira, ndi kufotokozera m'nkhaniyi, mumvetsetsa bwino mabatire osungira mphamvu kuti muthe kufufuza bwino ndikusankha njira yoyenera yosungiramo mphamvu pa zosowa zanu.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (FAQ)
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kachulukidwe ka mphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu?
Yankho: Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumayesa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zingathe kusungidwa pa unit ya voliyumu kapena kulemera kwake (kuganizira nthawi ya nthawi yotulutsa); kachulukidwe kamphamvu amayesa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zitha kuperekedwa pagawo lililonse la voliyumu kapena kulemera kwake (poyang'ana kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa). Mwachidule, kachulukidwe ka mphamvu kamene kamapangitsa kuti ikhale nthawi yayitali bwanji, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumatsimikizira kuti 'ziphulika' zingawonongeke bwanji.
Chifukwa chiyani moyo wozungulira ndi moyo wa kalendala ndizofunikira?
Yankho: Moyo wozungulira umayesa moyo wa batri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, yomwe ili yoyenera pazochitika zogwira ntchito mwamphamvu kwambiri, pamene moyo wa kalendala umayesa moyo wa batri yomwe mwachibadwa imakalamba pakapita nthawi, yomwe ili yoyenera kuima kapena zochitika zosagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Pamodzi, amazindikira moyo wonse wa batri.
Kodi ntchito zazikulu za BMS ndi ziti?
Yankho: Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za BMS zikuphatikizapo kuyang'anira momwe batire ilili (voltage, panopa, kutentha, SOC, SOH), chitetezo cha chitetezo (chiwongoladzanja, overdischarge, over-temperature, short-circuit, etc.), kusanja ma cell, ndi kuyankhulana ndi machitidwe akunja. Ndilo maziko owonetsetsa kuti batire ikugwira ntchito motetezeka komanso moyenera.
Kodi C-rate ndi chiyani? Chimachita chiyani?
Yankho:Mtengo wa Cimayimira kuchuluka kwa charger ndi kutulutsa komwe kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa batri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza mlingo womwe batire imayimbidwa ndi kutulutsidwa ndipo imakhudza mphamvu yeniyeni, mphamvu, kutulutsa kutentha ndi moyo wa batri.
Kodi kumeta nsonga ndi tariff arbitrage ndi chinthu chomwecho?
Yankho: Onsewa ndi njira zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito makina osungira mphamvu kuti azilipiritsa ndikutulutsa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Kumeta kwambiri kumangoyang'ana kwambiri pakutsitsa katundu ndi mtengo wamagetsi kwa makasitomala panthawi yomwe akufuna kwambiri, kapena kusalaza mayendedwe a gridi, pomwe tariff arbitrage ndiyolunjika kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwamitengo pakati pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana kugula ndikugulitsa magetsi kuti apindule. Cholinga ndi cholinga chake ndizosiyana pang'ono.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-20-2025