Yintoni iNkqubo yebhetri yePV? IsiKhokelo sakho esiGqibeleleyo sokuGcina amandla eSolar

Ukunika amandla ikamva lakho: Kutheni ukugcinwa kwamandla eSolar kubalulekile

Iiphaneli zelanga (iinkqubo zePhotovoltaic okanye zePV) ziyiguqule indlela esiwenza ngayo umbane, zibonelela ngomthombo wamandla ococekileyo, nohlaziyekayo ukusuka eluphahleni lwethu. Nangona kunjalo, amandla elanga anomngeni wendalo: iiphaneli zivelisa umbane kuphela xa ilanga likhanya. Kwenzeka ntoni ebusuku, okanye ngeentsuku ezisibekele kakhulu? Kwaye kuthekani ngokucima kombane wegridi? Oku kuphazamiseka kuhlala kuthetha ukuthembela ngasemva kwigridi yemveli, ukunciphisa amandla apheleleyo otyalo-mali lwakho lwelanga.

Apha kulapho inkqubo yebhetri yePV ingena khona. Yiba nomfanekiso wakho ubamba amandla angaphezulu, angasetyenziswanga elanga iiphaneli zakho ezivelisa ngexesha lokukhanya kwemini kwaye uyigcinele kamva. Yiloo nto kanye inkqubo yokugcina amandla elanga ikuvumela ukuba wenze. Ngumdlalo-ukutshintsha ukuzimela kwamandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Esi sikhokelo siya kukuhamba ngayo yonke into odinga ukuyazi malunga neenkqubo zebhetri zePV: ukuba zithini, zisebenza njani, amacandelo azo, izibonelelo, kunye nokuqwalaselwa okuphambili.

Ukuchaza iNkqubo yebhetri yePV: Ngaphaya kweePaneli zeSolar nje

Yintoni kanye kanye?

Ukubeka nje, inkqubo yebhetri yePV idibanisa iipaneli zelanga eziqhelekileyo kunye neyunithi yokugcina ibhetri. Ngelixa iiphaneli zakho zelanga ziguqula ukukhanya kube ngumbane (amandla eDC), ibhetri igcina nawuphi na umbane ogqithisileyo ongasetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza likhaya lakho. La mandla agciniweyo anokusetyenziswa kamva, njengokuhlwa, ebusuku, okanye njengamandla okugcina xa igridi eluncedo isihla.

Oku kohluke ngokusisiseko kwinkqubo yePV yelanga edityanisiweyo eqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokugcinwa. Kwezo zixokelelwano, nawaphi na amandla elanga agqithileyo aveliswayo athunyelwa umva kwigridi esetyenziswayo (ehlala isenziwa ngetyala, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-net metering). Inkqubo yebhetri ye-PV ibeka phambili ukugcina loo mandla agqithisileyo ukuze uyisebenzise kuqala, ukwandisa ukuzithemba kwakho.

Ukuqonda iMigaqo ePhambili

I-PV (Photovoltaics):Itekhnoloji esetyenziswa kwiipaneli zelanga ukuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngumbane.
Ugcino lwebhetri:Icandelo eligcina umbane weDC oveliswe ziipaneli zelanga ukuze zisetyenziswe kamva.
Iintlobo zeNkqubo & neebhetri:

• NONEIqhagamshelwe kwigridi yoncedo. Inkqubo yebhetri yePV apha igcina amandla ukuze isetyenziswe kamva, inciphisa ukuthembela kwigridi kwaye inokubanakho ukubonelela ngenkxaso.
• Ngaphandle Kwegridi:Ngokuzimeleyo ngokupheleleyo kwigridi eluncedo. Iibhetri zibalulekile ekugcineni amandla okusetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo.
• Umhlanganiselwa:I-grid-botshelelwe kodwa inamandla okugcina ibhetri, inikezela ngeyona ndawo ibalaseleyo yehlabathi.

Isebenza Njani Inkqubo yebhetri yePV? (Imini, ubusuku kunye nokuphuma)

UmGaqo ongundoqo: Imijikelo yokuTshaja nokukhupha

Inkqubo ngobuchule ilawula ukuhamba kwamandla ngokusekwe kwimveliso yelanga, iimfuno zamandla asekhaya, kunye nemeko yebhetri yentlawulo. Isebenza kwintlawulo eyahlukileyo kunye nemijikelo yokukhupha.

Imeko 1: Usuku olunelanga - iMveliso ePhezulu

Iiphaneli zesola zivelisa umbane weDC.
Lo mbane kuqala unika amandla izixhobo zendlu yakho kwaye ulayishe ngokuthe ngqo (emva kokuguqulwa kwi-AC ngesiguquli).
Nawuphi na umbane welanga ogqithisileyo usetyenziselwa ukutshaja ibhetri.
Ukuba ibhetri igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye iimfuno zekhaya lakho zihlangatyeziwe, amandla angaphezulu angaphezulu anokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwigridi (kuxhomekeke kwizicwangciso zenkqubo kunye nezivumelwano zosetyenziso).

Imeko 2: Ixesha lasebusuku okanye iLanga eliphantsi

Iiphaneli zelanga zivelisa amandla amancinci okanye zingabikho kwaphela.
Amandla agciniweyo kwibhetri ayakhutshwa (atshintshelwe kwi-AC) ukunika amandla imithwalo yekhaya lakho.
Ukuba ibhetri iyaphela okanye imfuno yakho yamandla ingaphezulu komthamo webhetri ephumayo, le nkqubo izoba ngokuzenzekelayo amandla ayimfuneko kwigridi yosetyenziso.

Imeko yesi-3: Ukumka koMbane weGridi

Inkqubo ibona ukusilela kwegridi.
Ukuba yenzelwe amandla okugcina, iyaziqhawula ngokuzenzekelayo kwigridi (i-islanding) yokhuseleko.
Emva koko isebenzisa amandla ebhetri agciniweyo ukunika amandla iisekethe/imithwalo esele ikhethwe kwangaphambili eyimfuneko ekhayeni lakho (njengezibane, ifriji, iWi-Fi). Ubude bexesha buxhomekeke kumthamo webhetri kunye nobukhulu bomthwalo.

I-Anatomy yeNkqubo yebhetri yePV: Amacandelo aPhambili acacisiweyo

Inkqubo yebhetri yePV inamalungu amaninzi angundoqo asebenza kunye:

IiPaneli zeSolar (IiModyuli zePV):Thatha ukukhanya kwelanga kwaye uyiguqule ibe ngumbane weDC.
Ibhetri yeSolar:Ugcina amandla eDC. Le yintliziyo yenkqubo yokugcina. Iikhemistri ezahlukeneyo kunye nezakhono ziyafumaneka.
Inverter(s):Ukuguqula umbane we-DC (ukusuka kwiiphaneli/ibhetri) ube ngumbane we-AC (osetyenziswa zizixhobo zasekhaya). Ii-inverters zeHybrid zixhaphakile kwiinkqubo zebhetri njengoko zikwazi ukulawula ukuhamba kwamandla kwiipaneli, ibhetri, kunye negridi ngaxeshanye. Ezinye iisistim zinokusebenzisa ii-inverters ezahlukeneyo zeepaneli kunye nebhetri (ukudibanisa i-AC). (Ingcebiso yekhonkco yangaphakathi: Ikhonkco kwiphepha elichaza ii-inverters zelanga)
Inkqubo yoLawulo lwebhetri (BMS):Isixokelelwano sombane esidityaniswe ngaphakathi kwipakethi yebhetri ebeka iliso kwimeko yayo (iqondo lobushushu, amandla ombane, intlawulo), iyayikhusela ekutshajisweni/ ekukhutshweni, kwaye yongeza ukusebenza kunye nobomi.
IsiLawuli sokuTyala (Ihlala idityanisiwe, ibalulekile kwezinye iinkqubo):Ilawula amandla e-DC ukusuka kwiiphaneli ukutshaja ngokukhuselekileyo ibhetri, ukuthintela ukutshajiswa, ngakumbi kubaluleke kakhulu kwiiseti ze-DC ezidityanisiweyo okanye ezingekho kwigridi. Ihlala idityaniswa kwii-inverters ezixubileyo.
Inkqubo yokubeka iliso:Isoftware (idla ngokuba yi-app okanye iwebhu portal) evumela abaninimzi ukuba balandelele ukuveliswa kwamandla, ukusetyenziswa, ubume bebhetri, kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo ngexesha lokwenyani.

Loluphi uhlobo lweebhetri luxhaphake kakhulu kwiiNkqubo zePV?

Ibhetri lukhetho olubalulekileyo. Iindidi ezimbini eziphambili ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje zezi:

I-Lithium-Ion (i-Li-ion): Ukhetho oludumileyo

Iintlobo ezincinci:Ngokuqhelekileyo i-Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP okanye i-LiFePO4) eyaziwa ngokhuseleko kunye nokuphila ixesha elide, kunye ne-Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) eyaziwayo ngokuxinwa kwamandla.
IiPros:Ubuninzi bamandla obuninzi (ukugcinwa okungaphezulu kwindawo encinci), ixesha elide lokuphila (imijikelezo yokuhlawula ngaphezulu), i-Depth Deption of Discharge (i-DoD - sebenzisa amandla amaninzi agciniweyo), ukusebenza kakuhle, ngokuqhelekileyo ukugcinwa kokugcinwa.
Ububi:Iindleko eziphezulu zangaphambili xa kuthelekiswa ne-lead-asidi.

I-Lead-Acid: UKhetho lwesiNtu

Iintlobo:Ikhukula (ifuna ukugcinwa - ukongeza amanzi adibeneyo) kunye nokutywinwa (AGM/Gel - isondlo-free).
IiPros:Iindleko zokuqala eziphantsi, iteknoloji eqinisekisiweyo.
Ububi:Ubomi obufutshane, i-DoD ephantsi (ayikwazi ukusebenzisa umthamo ogciniweyo obuninzi ngaphandle komonakalo), inzima / i-bulkier, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphantsi, kunokufuna ukungena komoya (isikhukula).

Iibhetri zelanga ze-BSLBATT zisekelwe ikakhulu kwi-LiFePO4 yokugcina izisombululo ezivela kubavelisi behlabathi be-5 LiFePO4 abanjengo-EVE, REPT.

Imiba ephambili yokuthelekisa:

Umthamo (kWh):Angakanani amandla anokugcinwa yibhetri.
Umlinganiselo wamandla (kW):Mangakanani amandla anokuhanjiswa yibhetri ngexesha elinye (imisela ukuba zingaphi/zeziphi izixhobo ezinokusebenza ngaxeshanye).
Ubunzulu bokukhutshwa (DoD):Ipesenti yomthamo opheleleyo onokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo (umzekelo, i-90% ye-DoD ithetha ukuba ungasebenzisa i-9kWh kwibhetri eyi-10kWh). Okuphezulu kungcono.
Uhambo oluLungileyo oluLungileyo (%):Amandla aphumayo vs. Amandla ngaphakathi. Okuphezulu kuthetha ilahleko encinci yamandla ngexesha lokutshaja/ukukhupha.
Ubomi bexesha (Iisangqa / Iminyaka):Mangaphi amaxesha ibhetri inokutshaja/ukuyikhupha phambi kokuba umthamo wehle kakhulu. Ihlala iwarantiwe ngenani elimiselweyo leminyaka okanye imijikelo.
Iwaranti:Ibalulekile ekukhuseleni utyalo-mali lwakho. Jonga kwiminyaka egqunyiweyo, imijikelo eqinisekisiweyo, kunye nomthamo wokuphela kwewaranti.
Ukhuseleko:Khangela izatifikethi (njengeUL / I-IECimigangatho). I-LFP ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengekhuselekile kakhulu.
Ixabiso:Qwalasela iindleko zangaphambili xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso lobomi ($/kWh egcinwe kubomi bayo).

Yintoni iVoltage yePV yebhetri?

Xa uxoxa ngeebhetri zePV, “ivoltage” ayiyonombolo enye emiselweyo.Kuxhomekeke kwikhemikhali yebhetri, indlela iiseli zebhetri ezilungiselelwe ngayo ngaphakathi kwepakethi, kunye neenjongo zoyilo jikelele zenkqubo yokugcina amandla elanga. Nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi:

Umbane weNominal: Lo ngumbane wesalathiso odla ngokusetyenziswa ukwahlula iibhetri okanye iinkqubo.

IiNkqubo zoMbane wamandla asezantsi (Eziqhelekileyo ngokwembali):Iisistim eziqhelekileyo ezingekho kwigridi okanye ezincinci zihlala zisebenzisa amandla ombane afana ne-12V, 24V, okanye i-48V DC. Iibhetri ze-lead-acid zidla ngokufumaneka kolu lungelelwaniso lombane. Ezinye iinkqubo ze-lithium-ion zemodyuli nazo zisebenza kwi51.2Vuluhlu, lwaziwa ngokhuseleko lwayo kunye nokuhambelana neziguquli ezininzi ezingaphandle kwegridi.

IiNkqubo zoMbane oPhezulu (uMgangatho wanamhlanje):Uninzi lwezixokelelwano zebhetri zelithium-ion zale mihla zokuhlala zisebenza kumandla ombane weDC aphezulu kakhulu, ahlala ukusuka kwi-200V ukuya kwi-800V DC, malunga ne-400V DC ixhaphake kakhulu.

Umbane weSeli vs. Umbane weNkqubo:

Iiseli zebhetri nganye zinombane ophantsi kakhulu (umzekelo, iseli yeLiFePO4 ibizwa ngokuba yi-3.2V).
Ukufezekisa i-voltage yenkqubo efunwayo (efana ne-48V okanye i-400V), iiseli ezininzi zixhunyiwe kwi-series (ii-voltages zongeza phezulu) ngaphakathi kwemodyuli yebhetri okanye ipakethe. Iimodyuli zokudibanisa ngokuhambelana kwandisa umthamo opheleleyo (Ah / kWh) ngelixa ugcina i-voltage efanayo.

Kutheni iVoltage ibalulekile?

Ukusebenza kakuhle:Iinkqubo zamandla ombane aphezulu zidla ngokufumana ilahleko yamandla aphantsi axhathisayo kwiingcingo zesixa esifanayo sokudluliswa kwamandla (Amandla = IVoltage x yangoku). Oku kunokuthetha ngcono kancinci ukusebenza kwenkqubo iyonke.
Iindleko zeeNcingo:I-voltage ephezulu ivumela umbane ophantsi, oku kuthetha ukuba i-thinner (kwaye ihlala ingabizi kakhulu) i-wiring yobhedu ingasetyenziswa phakathi kwebhetri kunye ne-hybrid inverter.
Ukuhambelana ne-Inverter:Amandla ombane ebhetri kufuneka ahambelane noluhlu lwamandla ombane we-DC we-inverter edityanisiweyo engumxube. Iibhetri eziphezulu ze-voltage zidibanisa ne-high-voltage inverters, kunye51.2V iibhetridibanisa ne-51.2V inverters.
Ukhuseleko kunye noFakelo:Iinkqubo zamandla ombane aphezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo> 60V DC) zifuna iiprothokholi ezingqongqo zokhuseleko kunye neenkqubo zokuphatha ngexesha lofakelo nokugcinwa, ezidla ngokugunyaziswa ziikhowudi zombane. Kufuneka ziphathwe kuphela ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo.

Yeyiphi iVoltage eLungileyo?

Kwimizi yanamhlanje ebotshelelwe kwigridi efuna ugcino lwamandla olusebenzayo kunye ne-backup,i-high-voltage (umzekelo, ~ 400V) iinkqubo ze-lithium-ionziya zisanda umgangatho, zihambelana kakuhle neziguquli ezisebenzayo zemihlanganisela.
Kwizicelo ezincinci zegridi, iiRV, okanye ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yelifa elithile, iinkqubo ze-48V (zombini i-lithium kunye ne-lead-acid) zihlala zifanelekile kwaye zixhaswa ngokubanzi.
Ekugqibeleni, amandla ombane athile enkqubo yakho yebhetri yePV iya kumiselwa luyilo lomenzi kunye nokuhambelana kwayo ne-inverter ekhethiweyo kunye noyilo lwenkqubo iyonke. Xa uthelekisa iisistim, ukuqonda ukuba ngaba “ngumbane ophantsi” (oqhele ukuba yi-48V) okanye “ivoltheji ephezulu” inceda ekuvavanyeni iimpawu zayo kunye nokuhambelana kwayo.

Jonga inqaku leebhetri zeVoltage eziPhakamileyo vs iibhetri eziphantsi zombane.

Ukucwangcisa uTyalo-mali lwakho: Iingqwalasela eziphambili phambi kokuthenga

Utyalo-mali kwinkqubo yebhetri yePV kufuna ukucwangciswa ngononophelo:

Ubungakanani beNkqubo Yakho:Musa ukuba ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi. Ubungakanani bebhetri (kWh) buxhomekeke kumndilili wosetyenziso lwamandla lwemihla ngemihla, ubungakanani besixokelelwano selanga (kW), into ofuna ukuyibuyisela ngexesha lokucima, kunye neenjongo zakho (ugcino oluphezulu xa luthelekiswa nogcino olusisiseko). Umfaki oyingcali unokunceda ukubala oku.
Ukuqonda Iindleko:I-Factor kwiindleko zebhetri ngokwayo, i-inverter (ukuba iphucula / i-hybrid), umsebenzi wofakelo, ukuphuculwa kweepaneli zombane ezinokubakho, kunye neemvume. Buza malunga neendleko ezifakelwe zizonke kunye nokonga okunokubakho kwexesha elide (Buyisela kuTyalo-mali - ROI).
Ukufumana abaFakeli abafanelekileyo:Oku kubalulekile kukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza. Khangela abanamava, abafakeli abaqinisekisiweyo (umzekelo, isatifikethi se-NABCEP e-US) kunye nophononongo oluhle kunye namava athile kwiinkqubo zokugcina ibhetri.
Umba weWaranti:Funda umbhalo omhle. Qonda ubude bewaranti (iminyaka), isiqinisekiso sobomi bomjikelo, kunye nepesenti yesiqinisekiso sokuphela kwewaranti. Iziqinisekiso ezahlukeneyo zihlala zikhona kwibhetri, i-inverter, kunye nomsebenzi wofakelo.
Indawo yoFakelo kunye noLondolozo:Iibhetri zifuna ubushushu obuthile bokusebenza kunye nendawo. Cinga ngokubeka (igaraji, igumbi loncedo, ngaphandle). Uninzi lweebhetri ze-Li-ion zanamhlanje zifuna ukugcinwa kancinci, ngokungafaniyo ne-lead-acid ekhukulayo.
Imithetho yokuHamba kunye neNkuthazo:Jonga iikhowudi zokwakha zasekuhlaleni, iimfuno zoqhagamshelo oluluncedo (imvume yokudibanisa), kunye nezibonelelo zemali ezikhoyo. Ezi zinokuchaphazela kakhulu iindleko (umz.,iMali yeRhafu yoTyalo-mali yeSolar yase-US (ITC)ihlala isebenza kwiibhetri ezihlawuliswa ngelanga, kunye nezaphulelo zelizwe/zendawo).

Inkqubo yebhetri yePV vs. I-Standard Grid-Tied Solar: Yintoni uMahluko

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (FAQ) malunga neeNkqubo zeBattery zePV

I-Q1: Ngaba ndinokongeza ibhetri kwisixokelelwano sam selanga esele sikhona?

A: Ewe, rhoqo unako “ngokudibanisa i-AC” apho ibhetri kunye nesiguquli sayo songezwa ecaleni kweseto yakho yelanga ekhoyo. Ukuhambelana kufuneka kuhlolwe yingcali. Ukudityaniswa kwe-DC (ukwabelana nge-inverter) kunokufuna ukutshintshwa kwe-inverter ekhoyo ngomzekelo womxube.

Q2: Zihlala ixesha elingakanani iibhetri zelanga?

A: Ubomi buxhomekeke kuhlobo, ukusetyenziswa, kunye neemeko. Iibhetri zeLithium-Ion zanamhlanje (ingakumbi ze-LFP) zihlala ziqinisekisiwe iminyaka eyi-10-15 okanye inani elithile lemijikelo (umzekelo, imijikelo eyi-6,000-10,000), kwaye inokuhlala ixesha elide. Iibhetri ze-lead-acid zihlala zihlala iminyaka eyi-3-7.

I-Q3: Ithini i-avareji yeendleko zebhetri yelanga lasekhaya?

A: Iindleko ziyahluka ngokubanzi ngokusekelwe kubungakanani (kWh), uphawu, uhlobo, kunye nobunzima bofakelo. Kubandakanya ukufakwa, lindela iindleko ezisuka kwi-$ 800 ukuya kwi-$ 1,500 + nge-kWh yendawo yokugcina (ukususela ekuqaleni kwe-2024, khangela ixabiso langoku). Iinkuthazo zinokukunciphisa kakhulu oku.

I-Q4: Ngaba ibhetri yelanga inexabiso layo ukuba ndinemitha yemitha?

A: Kuyaxhomekeka. Ukuba iikhredithi zemitha ezishiyekileyo zinobubele (ixabiso le-1:1), inzuzo esulungekileyo yogcino lwetyala inokuncitshiswa. Nangona kunjalo, iibhetri zisabonelela ngamandla okugcina amandla, ukunceda ukuphepha iintlawulo eziphezulu zeXesha lokuSebenzisa, kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwakho, okunexabiso elingaphezu kweekhredithi zemitha ye-net. Isindululo sexabiso siyenyuka ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo yokulinganisa ngemitha iyancipha.

I-Q5: Ingaba iibhetri zelanga zifuna ukulungiswa okungakanani?

A: Iibhetri zale mihla zeLithium-Ion phantse azikhathalelwa. Iibhetri ze-lead-asidi (ingakumbi iintlobo ezikhukulisekileyo) zifuna ukutshekishwa ngamaxesha athile, ukucocwa, kunye ne-distilled top-ups yamanzi. Abafaki banokucebisa ngazo naziphi na iingcebiso zomenzi othile.

I-Q6: Ngaba iinkqubo zebhetri zePV zikhuselekile?

A: Xa ifakwe ngokuchanekileyo ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo abasebenzisa izixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo (njengeebhetri ezidweliswe nge-UL kunye ne-inverters), iinkqubo zebhetri ze-PV zikhuselekile kakhulu. I-Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) chemistry yaziwa ngokukodwa ngokuzinza kwe-thermal kunye neprofayili yokhuseleko. Ufakelo olululo kunye nokubambelela kwiikhowudi kubalulekile.

Isiphelo: Ngaba iNkqubo yebhetri yePV luKhetho oluLungileyo kuwe?

Inkqubo yebhetri yePV imele inyathelo elibalulekileyo ekulawuleni amandla, ukonga iindleko, kunye nokomelela. Ngokugcina amandla asimahla aveliswa ziipaneli zakho zelanga, unganika amandla ikhaya lakho ixesha elide emva kokutshona kwelanga, unciphise kakhulu ukuthembela kwakho kwigridi, kwaye ugcine izibane zikhanya ngexesha lokucima.

Nangona utyalo-mali lwangaphambili luphezulu kunenkqubo yelanga esemgangathweni, izibonelelo - ngokukodwa ukuzimela kwamandla, ukugcinwa okubalulekileyo kwexesha elide (ingakumbi ngokunyuka kweendleko zenkonzo okanye iireyithi ze-TOU), kunye namandla okugcina angenakulinganiswa - yenza ukuba kube yinto ekhethekileyo yokukhetha abaninikhaya abaninzi.

Vavanya iipatheni zakho zokusebenzisa amandla (Jonga i-solar batter calculator yethu), umnqweno wakho wamandla okugcina, amaxabiso osetyenziso lwasekhaya kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo, kunye nenkuthazo ekhoyo. Ukuba ukwandisa utyalo-mali lwakho lwelanga kunye nokukhusela umbane wekhaya lakho zizinto eziphambili, inkqubo yebhetri yePV inokuba lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwikamva lakho lamandla.