PV Battery System yog dab tsi? Koj Daim Ntawv Qhia Tag Nrho Rau Hnub Ci Zog Cia

Lub Hwj Chim Koj Lub Neej Yav Tom Ntej: Vim Li Cas Hnub Ci Zog Cia Teeb Tseem Ceeb

Lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag (Photovoltaic lossis PV systems) tau hloov pauv li cas peb tsim hluav taws xob, muab lub zog huv thiab rov ua dua tshiab ntawm peb lub ru tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, lub hnub ci hluav taws xob muaj qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb: cov vaj huam sib luag tsuas yog tsim hluav taws xob thaum lub hnub ci ntsa iab. Yuav ua li cas thaum hmo ntuj, lossis hnub hnyav hnyav? Thiab ua li cas txog kab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob? Qhov kev sib cuam tshuam no feem ntau txhais tau hais tias kev cia siab rov qab rau ntawm kab sib chaws ib txwm muaj, txwv tsis pub muaj peev xwm ntawm koj lub hnub ci peev.

Qhov no yog qhov uas PV roj teeb system los rau hauv. Xav txog kev ntes cov tshaj, tsis siv lub hnub ci zog koj cov vaj huam sib luag tsim thaum nruab hnub nrig thiab txuag nws rau yav tom ntej. Qhov ntawd yog qhov tseeb uas lub hnub ci zog cia qhov system tso cai rau koj ua. Nws yog qhov kev ua si-hloov rau lub zog ywj pheej thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Phau ntawv qhia no yuav qhia koj txog txhua yam koj xav paub txog PV roj teeb tshuab: lawv yog dab tsi, lawv ua haujlwm li cas, lawv cov khoom, cov txiaj ntsig, thiab cov kev xav tseem ceeb.

Kev txhais cov PV roj teeb System: Tshaj li Hnub Ci Vaj Huam Sib Luag

Dab tsi yog nws?

Cias muab, PV roj teeb system sib txuas cov qauv hnub ci vaj huam sib luag nrog lub roj teeb cia. Thaum koj lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag hloov lub hnub ci rau hauv hluav taws xob (DC lub zog), lub roj teeb khaws cov hluav taws xob ntau dhau uas tsis siv tam sim ntawd los ntawm koj lub tsev. Lub zog khaws cia no tuaj yeem siv tom qab, xws li thaum yav tsaus ntuj, hmo ntuj, lossis lub zog thaub qab thaum daim phiaj siv hluav taws xob poob qis.

Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm cov qauv kab sib txuas-khi hnub ci PV system yam tsis muaj cia. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuab no, ib qho dhau hnub ci hluav taws xob tsim tau feem ntau xa rov qab mus rau daim phiaj siv hluav taws xob (feem ntau rau credit, hu ua net metering). Lub PV roj teeb qhov tseem ceeb ua ntej khaws cia lub zog ntau dhau rau koj tus kheej siv ua ntej, ua kom koj tus kheej tso siab rau koj tus kheej.

Nkag siab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb

PV (Photovoltaics):Cov cuab yeej siv hauv cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag los hloov lub hnub ci ncaj qha rau hauv hluav taws xob.
Roj teeb Cia:Cov khoom uas khaws cov DC hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag rau kev siv tom qab.
System Hom & Roj teeb:

• Grid-Tied:Txuas rau daim phiaj siv hluav taws xob. Lub PV roj teeb system ntawm no khaws lub zog rau kev siv tom qab, txo qis kev cia siab ntawm kab sib chaws thiab muaj peev xwm muab kev thaub qab.
• Off-Grid:Ua tiav kev ywj pheej ntawm daim phiaj siv hluav taws xob. Cov roj teeb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev khaws cia lub zog rau kev siv tas mus li.
• Hybrid:Daim phiaj-tied tab sis nrog roj teeb thaub qab muaj peev xwm, muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ob lub ntiaj teb.

PV Battery System ua haujlwm li cas? (Hnub, Hmo Ntuj & Tawm)

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Charge thiab Discharge Cycles

Lub kaw lus ntse tswj cov dej ntws ntawm lub zog raws li hnub ci tsim, kev xav tau lub zog hauv tsev, thiab lub roj teeb ntawm lub xeev. Nws ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov nqi sib txawv thiab kev tawm mus.

Scenario 1: Sunny Hnub – Siab Ntau Lawm

Hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tsim hluav taws xob DC.
Qhov hluav taws xob no ua ntej ua rau koj lub tsev cov khoom siv thiab thauj khoom ncaj qha (tom qab hloov mus rau AC los ntawm inverter).
Txhua lub hnub ci hluav taws xob ntau dhau yog siv los them lub roj teeb.
Yog tias lub roj teeb tau them tag nrho thiab koj lub tsev cov kev xav tau tau ua tiav, lub zog ntau dhau tuaj yeem raug xa tawm mus rau hauv daim phiaj (nyob ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa thiab kev pom zoo siv hluav taws xob).

Scenario 2: Hmo ntuj lossis tshav ntuj qis

Hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yog tsim me me los yog tsis muaj zog.
Lub zog khaws cia hauv lub roj teeb raug tso tawm (hloov mus rau AC) kom lub zog ntawm koj lub tsev.
Yog tias lub roj teeb poob qis lossis koj lub zog xav tau tshaj lub roj teeb lub peev xwm, lub kaw lus cia li rub lub zog tsim nyog los ntawm daim phiaj siv hluav taws xob.

Scenario 3: Daim phiaj fais fab tuag

Lub kaw lus ntes cov kab sib chaws tsis ua haujlwm.
Yog tias tsim los rau lub zog thaub qab, nws cia li txiav tawm ntawm daim phiaj (Islanding) kom muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Tom qab ntawd nws siv lub roj teeb uas khaws cia rau lub zog ua ntej xaiv qhov tseem ceeb circuits / loads hauv koj lub tsev (xws li teeb, tub yees, Wi-Fi). Lub sij hawm yog nyob ntawm lub roj teeb muaj peev xwm thiab thauj khoom loj.

Lub Anatomy ntawm PV Battery System: Cov Ntsiab Lus Qhia

Lub PV roj teeb system muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb ua haujlwm ua ke:

Hnub Ci Vaj Huam Sib Luag (PV Modules):Khaws lub hnub ci thiab hloov mus rau DC hluav taws xob.
Hnub ci roj teeb:Khaws lub zog DC. Qhov no yog lub plawv ntawm lub kaw lus cia. Muaj cov chemistry thiab muaj peev xwm sib txawv.
Inverter (s):Hloov DC hluav taws xob (los ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag / roj teeb) mus rau AC hluav taws xob (siv los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev). Hybrid inverters yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov roj teeb systems raws li lawv muaj peev xwm tswj lub hwj chim ntws los ntawm panels, roj teeb, thiab kab sib chaws ib txhij. Qee lub tshuab yuav siv cov inverter sib cais rau cov vaj huam sib luag thiab roj teeb (AC coupling). (Internal Link Tswv yim: Txuas rau nplooj ntawv piav qhia hnub ci inverters)
Battery Management System (BMS):Lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke hauv lub pob roj teeb uas saib xyuas nws lub xeev (kub, voltage, charge), tiv thaiv nws los ntawm overcharging / tawm, thiab optimizes kev ua tau zoo thiab lifespan.
Charge Controller (Feem ntau integrated, tseem ceeb heev rau qee lub tshuab):Tswj lub zog DC los ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub roj teeb, tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj overcharging, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb hauv DC-coupled lossis off-grid setups. Feem ntau muab tso rau hauv hybrid inverters.
Kev soj ntsuam System:Software (feem ntau yog ib qho app lossis web portal) tso cai rau cov tswv tsev taug qab kev tsim hluav taws xob, kev siv, roj teeb, thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv lub sijhawm.

Hom roj teeb twg muaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv PV Systems?

Lub roj teeb yog qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb. Ob hom tseem ceeb siv niaj hnub no yog:

Lithium-ion (Li-ion): Kev Xaiv Nrov

Subtypes:Feem ntau Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP lossis LiFePO4) paub txog kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau ntev, thiab Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) paub txog lub zog ceev.
Pros:Lub zog siab ceev (ntau qhov chaw cia hauv qhov chaw tsawg), lub neej ntev dua (ntau dua lub voj voog), siab dua qhov tso tawm (DoD - siv ntau lub zog khaws cia), kev ua haujlwm siab, feem ntau tsis muaj kev saib xyuas.
Cons:Tus nqi siab dua piv rau cov hmoov lead-acid.

Lead-Acid: Txoj Kev Xaiv Tsa

Hom:Dej nyab (yuav tsum tau saib xyuas - ntxiv dej distilled) thiab Sealed (AGM / Gel - tsis tu ncua).
Pros:Tsawg tus nqi pib, pov thawj technology.
Cons:Shorter lifespan, qis DoD (tsis tuaj yeem siv ntau npaum li lub peev xwm khaws cia yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj), hnyav dua / ntau dua, kev ua haujlwm qis dua, yuav xav tau qhov cua (dej nyab).

BSLBATT hnub ci roj teeb yog feem ntau raws li LiFePO4 cia cov ntsiab lus daws teeb meem los ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab saum toj 5 LiFePO4 cov tuam txhab xws li EVE, REPT.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev sib piv:

Peev xwm (kWh):Lub roj teeb muaj peev xwm khaws tau npaum li cas.
Lub zog ntsuas (kW):Lub zog npaum li cas lub roj teeb tuaj yeem xa tuaj ib zaug (txiav txim siab ntau npaum li cas / cov khoom siv twg nws tuaj yeem khiav ib txhij).
Qhov tob ntawm qhov tso tawm (DoD):Feem pua ​​​​ntawm tag nrho cov peev txheej uas tuaj yeem siv tau zoo (xws li 90% DoD txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem siv 9kWh los ntawm 10kWh roj teeb). Siab dua yog zoo dua.
Round-Trip Efficiency (%):Zog tawm vs. lub zog nyob rau hauv. Siab dua txhais tau tias tsawg zog poob thaum lub sij hawm them nqi / tso tawm.
Lifespan (Cycles / Xyoo):Muaj pes tsawg zaus lub roj teeb tuaj yeem them / tawm ua ntej lub peev xwm degrades loj. Feem ntau warrantied rau ntau xyoo los yog cycles.
Warranty:Tseem ceeb heev rau kev tiv thaiv koj cov peev. Saib cov xyoo them, cycles guaranteed, thiab kawg-ntawm-warranty muaj peev xwm.
Kev nyab xeeb:Nrhiav cov ntawv pov thawj (xws liUL / IECcov qauv). LFP feem ntau suav hais tias muaj kev nyab xeeb heev.
Tus nqi:Xav txog tus nqi pem hauv ntej vs. tus nqi ntawm lub neej ($/kWh khaws cia dhau nws lub neej).

Qhov Voltage ntawm PV Roj teeb yog dab tsi?

Thaum tham txog PV roj teeb, "voltage" tsis yog ib tus lej tas.Nws nyob ntawm lub roj teeb chemistry, yuav ua li cas cov roj teeb ib leeg tau teeb tsa hauv ib pob, thiab tag nrho cov hom phiaj tsim ntawm lub hnub ci zog cia. Nov yog yam koj yuav tsum paub:

Nominal Voltage: Qhov no yog qhov siv hluav taws xob feem ntau siv los faib cov roj teeb lossis cov tshuab.

Lower Voltage Systems (Historically Common):Ib txwm siv cov kab hluav taws xob los yog cov tshuab me me feem ntau siv cov nominal voltages xws li 12V, 24V, lossis 48V DC. Lead-acid roj teeb feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv cov kev teeb tsa voltage. Qee lub tshuab hluav taws xob lithium-ion kuj tseem ua haujlwm hauv5 1,2vntau yam, paub txog nws tus txheeb ze kev nyab xeeb thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog ntau yam off-grid inverters.

Higher Voltage Systems (Modern Trend):Feem ntau niaj hnub nyob hauv daim phiaj-khi lithium-ion roj teeb lub tshuab ua haujlwm ntawm qhov siab dua DC voltages, feem ntau yog li ntawm 200V txog 800V DC, nrog rau ib ncig ntawm 400V DC ua tau zoo heev.

Cell Voltage vs System Voltage:

Cov roj teeb ntawm tus kheej muaj qhov qis dua (piv txwv li, LiFePO4 cell yog npe 3.2V).
Txhawm rau ua tiav qhov kev xav tau qhov hluav taws xob (xws li 48V lossis 400V), ntau lub hlwb txuas nrog hauv series (voltages ntxiv) hauv lub roj teeb module lossis pob. Kev sib txuas modules nyob rau hauv parallel nce lub peev xwm tag nrho (Ah / kWh) thaum ua kom qhov hluav taws xob zoo ib yam.

Vim li cas Voltage teeb meem?

Kev ua tau zoo:Cov tshuab hluav taws xob siab dua feem ntau muaj kev poob qis zog hauv kev xaim rau tib lub zog hloov pauv (Power = Voltage x Tam sim no). Qhov no tuaj yeem txhais tau tias me ntsis zoo dua tag nrho cov system efficiency.
Cov nqi hluav taws xob:Cov hluav taws xob siab dua tso cai rau qis dua tam sim no, uas txhais tau tias nyias nyias (thiab feem ntau tsis tshua kim) tooj liab xaim siv tau ntawm lub roj teeb thiab cov hybrid inverter.
Inverter Compatibility:Lub roj teeb qhov hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau sib xws nrog DC input voltage ntau ntawm kev sib txuas hybrid inverter. High-voltage roj teeb khub nrog high-voltage inverters, thiab51.2V roj teebua ke nrog 51.2V inverter.
Kev nyab xeeb & kev teeb tsa:Cov tshuab hluav taws xob siab dua (feem ntau> 60V DC) yuav tsum nruj dua cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb thiab tuav cov txheej txheem thaum lub sij hawm teeb tsa thiab kev saib xyuas, feem ntau raug tswj los ntawm cov lej hluav taws xob. Lawv tsuas yog yuav tsum tau saib xyuas los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij.

Qhov Voltage puas yog?

Rau niaj hnub daim phiaj-khi tsev nrhiav kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab thaub qab,high-voltage (piv txwv li, ~ 400V) lithium-ion systemsyog nce tus qauv, pairing zoo nrog npaum hybrid inverters.
Rau cov ntawv thov me me off-grid, RVs, lossis kev hloov kho cov cuab yeej cuab tam tshwj xeeb, 48V systems (ob leeg lithium thiab lead-acid) tseem cuam tshuam thiab txhawb nqa dav.
Thaum kawg, qhov tshwj xeeb voltage ntawm koj lub roj teeb PV yuav raug txiav txim siab los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom tsim thiab nws cov kev sib raug zoo nrog cov inverter xaiv thiab tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim. Thaum sib piv cov tshuab, nkag siab seb nws puas yog "tsis muaj hluav taws xob" (feem ntau 48V) lossis "high voltage" system pab ntsuas nws cov yam ntxwv thiab kev sib raug zoo.

Mus saib cov tshooj ntawm High Voltage Batteries vs Low Voltage Batteries.

Npaj Koj Cov Peev Nyiaj: Cov kev xav tseem ceeb ua ntej yuav

Kev nqis peev hauv PV roj teeb yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo npaj:

Sizing Koj qhov System:Tsis txhob oversize los yog undersize. Lub roj teeb loj (kWh) nyob ntawm koj qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub, lub hnub ci loj (kW), qhov koj xav tau rov qab thaum lub sijhawm hluav taws xob, thiab koj lub hom phiaj (kev txuag nyiaj ntau tshaj li kev thaub qab). Ib tus kws tshaj lij installer tuaj yeem pab xam qhov no.
Nkag siab cov nqi:Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus nqi ntawm lub roj teeb nws tus kheej, lub inverter (yog tias kho dua tshiab / hybrid), kev teeb tsa kev ua haujlwm, kev hloov kho vaj huam sib luag hluav taws xob, thiab kev tso cai. Nug txog tag nrho cov nqi nruab thiab cov peev txheej txuag mus sij hawm ntev (Rov qab ntawm Kev nqis peev - ROI).
Nrhiav Tsim nyog Installers:Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm. Nrhiav kev paub txog, muaj ntawv pov thawj installers (piv txwv li, NABCEP daim ntawv pov thawj hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas) nrog kev tshuaj xyuas zoo thiab kev paub tshwj xeeb hauv cov roj teeb cia.
Warranties Teeb meem:Nyeem cov ntawv zoo. Nkag siab txog lub sijhawm lav (xyoo), lub voj voog lub neej lav, thiab lav qhov kawg ntawm qhov lav qhov muaj peev xwm feem pua. Kev sib cais lav feem ntau muaj rau lub roj teeb, inverter, thiab kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm.
Installation Qhov Chaw & Kho:Cov roj teeb xav tau kev khiav hauj lwm kub thiab qhov chaw. Xav txog qhov chaw (chaw nres tsheb, chav dej hluav taws xob, sab nraum). Feem ntau niaj hnub Li-ion roj teeb yuav tsum tau me ntsis kom tsis muaj kev saib xyuas, tsis zoo li dej nyab lead-acid.
Cov Kev Cai Qhia Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb & Kev Cuam Tshuam:Tshawb xyuas cov cai hauv zos, kev siv hluav taws xob sib cuam tshuam (kev tso cai txuas), thiab muaj kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag. Cov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tus nqi (piv txwv li,US Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Solar Investment Tax Credit (ITC)feem ntau siv rau cov roj teeb uas them los ntawm hnub ci, ntxiv rau lub xeev / cov nyiaj rov qab hauv zos).

PV Battery System vs. Standard Grid-Tied Solar: Qhov txawv yog dab tsi?

Cov Lus Nug Nquag (FAQ) txog PV Battery Systems

Q1: Kuv puas tuaj yeem ntxiv roj teeb rau kuv lub hnub ci uas twb muaj lawm?

A: Yog lawm, feem ntau koj tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm "AC txuas" qhov twg lub roj teeb thiab nws tus kheej inverter ntxiv nrog rau koj lub hnub ci teeb uas twb muaj lawm. Compatibility yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam los ntawm ib tug kws tshaj lij. DC coupling (sib koom lub inverter) yuav xav tau hloov lub inverter uas twb muaj lawm nrog ib tug hybrid qauv.

Q2: Lub hnub ci roj teeb feem ntau kav ntev npaum li cas?

A: Lifespan nyob ntawm hom, kev siv, thiab tej yam kev mob. Niaj hnub nimno Lithium-Ion (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog LFP) roj teeb feem ntau tau lav rau 10-15 xyoo los yog ib tus lej ntawm cov voj voog (xws li, 6,000-10,000 cycles), thiab tuaj yeem ua tau ntev dua. Lead-acid roj teeb feem ntau kav 3-7 xyoo.

Q3: Tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm lub hnub ci roj teeb hauv tsev yog dab tsi?

A: Cov nqi sib txawv raws li qhov loj me (kWh), hom, hom, thiab kev teeb tsa nyuaj. Nrog rau kev teeb tsa, cia siab tias tus nqi kwv yees li ntawm $ 800 txog $ 1,500 + ib kWh ntawm qhov chaw cia khoom (raws li thaum ntxov 2024, xyuas cov nqi tam sim no). Kev txhawb siab tuaj yeem txo qhov no.

Q4: Lub hnub ci roj teeb puas tsim nyog yog tias kuv muaj net metering?

A: Nws nyob ntawm. Yog tias net metering credits muaj siab dav (tus nqi 1: 1), cov txiaj ntsig kev txuag nyiaj dawb yuav raug txo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov roj teeb tseem muab lub zog thaub qab, pab kom tsis txhob muaj cov nqi siv sij hawm siab, thiab nce kev siv tus kheej, uas muaj nuj nqis tshaj li cov qhab nia ntsuas. Tus nqi proposition nce yog net metering txoj cai tsis zoo.

Q5: Lub hnub ci roj teeb xav tau kev saib xyuas ntau npaum li cas?

A: Cov roj teeb Lithium-Ion niaj hnub no tsis muaj kev saib xyuas zoo. Cov roj teeb txhuas-acid (tshwj xeeb yog hom dej nyab) yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ib ntus, tu, thiab cov dej distilled top-up. Cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem tawm tswv yim rau txhua qhov chaw tsim khoom pom zoo.

Q6: Puas yog PV roj teeb tshuab muaj kev nyab xeeb?

A: Thaum txhim kho kom raug los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij uas tsim nyog siv cov cuab yeej muaj ntawv pov thawj (xws li UL teev cov roj teeb thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob), PV roj teeb tshuab muaj kev nyab xeeb heev. Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) chemistry tshwj xeeb yog paub txog nws cov thermal stability thiab kev ruaj ntseg profile. Kev txhim kho kom raug thiab ua raws li cov cai yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Cov ntsiab lus: Puas yog PV Roj Teeb Qhov Kev Xaiv Zoo rau koj?

Lub PV roj teeb system sawv cev rau ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj lub zog, kev txuag nqi, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Los ntawm kev khaws cia lub zog pub dawb uas tsim los ntawm koj lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, koj tuaj yeem siv koj lub tsev ntev tom qab hnub poob, txiav koj qhov kev cia siab rau ntawm daim phiaj, thiab ua kom lub teeb rau thaum muaj hluav taws xob.

Thaum lub peev nyiaj ua ntej yog siab dua li cov qauv hnub ci, cov txiaj ntsig - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev ywj pheej ntawm lub zog, kev txuag nyiaj mus sij hawm ntev (tshwj xeeb nrog cov nqi hluav taws xob nce lossis TOU tus nqi), thiab lub zog tsis muaj nuj nqis - ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau ntau tus tswv tsev.

Ntsuam xyuas koj cov qauv siv zog (Saib peb lub hnub ci batter lub laij lej), koj lub siab xav rau lub zog thaub qab, koj cov nqi hluav taws xob hauv zos thiab cov cai, thiab muaj kev txhawb siab. Yog tias ua kom koj lub hnub ci kev nqis peev ntau tshaj plaws thiab kev ruaj ntseg koj lub tsev lub zog yog qhov tseem ceeb, lub PV roj teeb yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau koj lub zog yav tom ntej.