Sisitemu ya Bateri ya PV ni iki? Igitabo Cyuzuye Kubika Imirasire y'izuba

Guha imbaraga Kazoza kawe: Impamvu Kubika Ingufu Zizuba

Imirasire y'izuba (sisitemu ya Photovoltaque cyangwa PV) yahinduye uburyo tubyara amashanyarazi, itanga ingufu zisukuye, zishobora kuvugururwa kuva hejuru yinzu yacu. Nyamara, ingufu z'izuba zifite ikibazo cyihariye: panele zitanga amashanyarazi gusa izuba riva. Bigenda bite nijoro, cyangwa kumunsi wijimye cyane? Bite ho ku mashanyarazi ya gride? Uku guhindagurika akenshi bisobanura kwishingikiriza kuri gride gakondo, kugabanya ubushobozi bwuzuye bwishoramari ryizuba.

Aha niho haje sisitemu ya batiri ya PV. Tekereza gufata ingufu zizuba zirenze, zidakoreshwa panne yawe itanga mugihe cyamasaha yumunsi hanyuma ukayibika nyuma. Nibyo rwose nibyo sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zizuba ikwemerera gukora. Numukino uhindura imbaraga zo kwigenga kwingufu no gukora neza. Aka gatabo kazakunyura mubintu byose ukeneye kumenya kuri sisitemu ya batiri ya PV: ibyo aribyo, uko bikora, ibiyigize, inyungu, nibitekerezo byingenzi.

Gusobanura Sisitemu ya Batiri ya PV: Kurenga izuba gusa

Niki Mubyukuri?

Muri make, sisitemu ya batiri ya PV ikomatanya imirasire yizuba isanzwe hamwe nububiko bwa batiri. Mugihe imirasire yizuba ihindura urumuri rwizuba mumashanyarazi (DC power), bateri ibika amashanyarazi arenze ayo adahita akoreshwa nurugo rwawe. Izo mbaraga zabitswe zirashobora gukoreshwa nyuma, nko nimugoroba, nijoro, cyangwa nkimbaraga zo gusubira inyuma mugihe gride yingirakamaro.

Ibi bitandukanye cyane na gride isanzwe ihujwe na sisitemu ya PV idafite ububiko. Muri ubwo buryo, ingufu z'izuba zirenze urugero zisanzwe zoherezwa kuri gride yingirakamaro (akenshi kubwinguzanyo, izwi nka net metering). Sisitemu ya batiri ya PV ishyira imbere kubika izo mbaraga zirenzeho kugirango ukoreshe ubwa mbere, bikure cyane.

Sobanukirwa n'amagambo y'ingenzi

PV (Photovoltaics):Ikoranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe mumirasire y'izuba kugirango rihindure urumuri rw'izuba mumashanyarazi.
Ububiko bwa Batiri:Igice kibika amashanyarazi ya DC yakozwe nizuba ryizuba kugirango rikoreshwe nyuma.
Ubwoko bwa Sisitemu & Batteri:

• Urusobekerane:Byahujwe na gride yingirakamaro. Sisitemu ya batiri ya PV ibika ingufu zo gukoreshwa nyuma, kugabanya gushingira kuri gride kandi birashoboka gutanga backup.
• Off-Grid:Byigenga rwose byingirakamaro ya gride. Batteri ningirakamaro mukubika imbaraga zo gukomeza gukoresha.
• Hybrid:Urusobekerane rwa gride ariko hamwe nubushobozi bwo kugarura bateri, butanga ibyiza byisi byombi.

Nigute Sisitemu ya Bateri ya PV ikora? (Umunsi, Ijoro & Ibihe)

Ihame shingiro: Kwishyuza no Gusohora Inzira

Sisitemu iyobora neza ubwenge bwingufu zishingiye kumirasire y'izuba, ingufu zikenerwa murugo, hamwe na bateri yumuriro. Ikora muburyo butandukanye no gusohora inzinguzingo.

Urugero rwa 1: Umunsi w'izuba - Umusaruro mwinshi

Imirasire y'izuba itanga amashanyarazi ya DC.
Aya mashanyarazi abanza guha ibikoresho urugo rwawe kandi bikaremerera mu buryo butaziguye (nyuma yo guhinduka kuri AC na inverter).
Amashanyarazi arenze ayandi yose akoreshwa noneho kugirango yishyure bateri.
Niba bateri yuzuye kandi ibyo urugo rwawe rukeneye, izindi mbaraga zirenze zishobora koherezwa kuri gride (ukurikije igenamiterere rya sisitemu n'amasezerano y'ingirakamaro).

Urugero rwa 2: Ijoro cyangwa izuba ryinshi

Imirasire y'izuba itanga ingufu nke cyangwa ntayo.
Ingufu zabitswe muri bateri zirasohoka (zihindurwamo AC) kugirango imbaraga zinzu yawe zikore.
Niba bateri igabanutse cyangwa ingufu zawe zirenze ubushobozi bwa bateri zisohoka, sisitemu ihita ikuramo ingufu zikenewe muri gride yingirakamaro.

Urugero rwa 3: Umuriro w'amashanyarazi

Sisitemu yerekana kunanirwa kwa gride.
Niba yarateguwe kugirango ibike imbaraga, ihita ihagarika gride (ikirwa) kubwumutekano.
Ihita ikoresha ingufu za batiri zabitswe kugirango zongere imbaraga zabanje gutoranya ibintu byingenzi / imizigo murugo rwawe (nk'amatara, firigo, Wi-Fi). Ikiringo giterwa nubushobozi bwa bateri nubunini bwumutwaro.

Anatomy ya Sisitemu ya Bateri ya PV: Ibyingenzi Byasobanuwe

Sisitemu ya batiri ya PV igizwe nibice byinshi byingenzi bikorera hamwe:

Imirasire y'izuba (Module ya PV):Fata urumuri rw'izuba hanyuma uhindure amashanyarazi ya DC.
Batare izuba:Kubika ingufu za DC. Numutima wa sisitemu yo kubika. Imiti itandukanye hamwe nubushobozi birahari.
Inverter (s):Guhindura amashanyarazi ya DC (kuva kuri paneli / bateri) kugeza kumashanyarazi ya AC (ikoreshwa nibikoresho byo murugo). Imashini ya Hybrid isanzwe muri sisitemu ya bateri kuko ishobora kuyobora ingufu zituruka kuri paneli, bateri, na gride icyarimwe. Sisitemu zimwe zishobora gukoresha inverter zitandukanye kuri paneli na batiri (AC guhuza). (Ihuza ry'imbere Icyifuzo: Ihuza kurupapuro rusobanura izuba riva)
Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS):Sisitemu ya elegitoronike yinjijwe muri paki ya bateri ikurikirana uko imeze (ubushyuhe, voltage, kwishyuza), ikayirinda kwishyuza / gusohora, kandi igahindura imikorere nigihe cyo kubaho.
Umugenzuzi wishyuza (Akenshi ahujwe, ingenzi kuri sisitemu zimwe):Igenga ingufu za DC kuva kumwanya kugirango yishyure neza bateri, irinde kwishyuza birenze, cyane cyane mubyashizweho na DC cyangwa biturutse kuri gride. Akenshi byinjijwe muri Hybrid inverters.
Sisitemu yo gukurikirana:Porogaramu (mubisanzwe porogaramu cyangwa urubuga) yemerera ba nyiri urugo gukurikirana umusaruro w'ingufu, imikoreshereze, imiterere ya bateri, n'imikorere ya sisitemu mugihe nyacyo.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa Batteri bukunze kugaragara muri sisitemu ya PV?

Batare ni amahitamo akomeye. Ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bukoreshwa uyumunsi ni:

Litiyumu-Ion (Li-ion): Guhitamo Byamamare

Ubwoko:Mubisanzwe Lithium Iron Fosifate (LFP cyangwa LiFePO4) izwiho umutekano no kuramba, hamwe na Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) izwiho ubucucike bw'ingufu.
Ibyiza:Ubucucike bukabije (kubika byinshi mumwanya muto), igihe kirekire cyo kubaho (cycle nyinshi)
Ibibi:Igiciro cyo hejuru ugereranije na aside-aside.

Kurongora-Acide: Ihitamo rya gakondo

Ubwoko:Umwuzure (bisaba kubungabungwa - kongeramo amazi yatoboye) no gufungwa (AGM / Gel - kubungabunga-ubusa).
Ibyiza:Igiciro cyambere cyambere, tekinoroji yemejwe.
Ibibi:Igihe gito cyo kubaho, DoD yo hasi (ntishobora gukoresha ubushobozi bwabitswe cyane nta byangiritse), iremereye / bulkier, imikorere mike, irashobora gusaba guhumeka (umwuzure).

Batteri yizuba ya BSLBATT ishingiye cyane cyane kububiko bwibanze bwa LiFePO4 buva mubucuruzi 5 ba mbere ku isi ba LiFePO4 nka EVE, REPT.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byo kugereranya:

Ubushobozi (kWh):Ni ingufu zingana iki bateri ishobora kubika.
Ikigereranyo cy'ingufu (kW):Ni imbaraga zingahe bateri ishobora gutanga icyarimwe (igena umubare / ibikoresho bishobora gukora icyarimwe).
Ubujyakuzimu bwo gusohora (DoD):Ijanisha ryubushobozi bwose bushobora gukoreshwa neza (urugero, 90% DoD bivuze ko ushobora gukoresha 9kWh uhereye kuri bateri ya 10kWh). Hejuru ni byiza.
Kuzenguruka-Urugendo (%):Ingufu zisohoka nimbaraga muri. Hejuru bisobanura gutakaza ingufu nke mugihe cyo kwishyuza / gusohora.
Ubuzima bwose (Amagare / Imyaka):Ni kangahe bateri ishobora kwishyuza / gusohora mbere yuko ubushobozi bugabanuka cyane. Akenshi byemezwa kumubare wimyaka cyangwa ukwezi.
Garanti:Nibyingenzi kurinda ishoramari ryawe. Reba imyaka yatwikiriye, inzinguzingo zizewe, hamwe nubushobozi bwanyuma bwa garanti.
Umutekano:Shakisha ibyemezo (nkaUL / IECibipimo). LFP muri rusange ifatwa nkumutekano cyane.
Igiciro:Reba ikiguzi cyambere nigiciro cyubuzima ($ / kWh kibitswe mubuzima bwacyo).

Umuvuduko wa Bateri ya PV ni uwuhe?

Mugihe muganira kuri bateri ya PV, "voltage" ntabwo ari numero imwe ihamye.Biterwa na chimie ya bateri, uburyo selile ya batiri kugiti cye igizwe mumapaki, hamwe nintego rusange yo gushushanya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zizuba. Dore ibyo ugomba kumenya:

Umuvuduko wa Nominal: Iyi ni voltage yerekana akenshi ikoreshwa mugutondekanya bateri cyangwa sisitemu.

Sisitemu yo hasi ya sisitemu (Amateka asanzwe):Sisitemu gakondo ya gride cyangwa sisitemu ntoya yakunze gukoresha voltage nominal nka 12V, 24V, cyangwa 48V DC. Bateri ya aside-acide iraboneka muribi bikoresho bya voltage. Sisitemu zimwe na zimwe za lithium-ion nazo zikora muri51.2Vurwego, ruzwiho umutekano ugereranije no guhuza hamwe na off-grid inverters.

Sisitemu yo hejuru ya sisitemu (Inzira igezweho):Sisitemu ya batiri ya kijyambere igezweho ihujwe na lithium-ion ya bateri ikora kuri voltage iri hejuru ya DC, akenshi iba kuva kuri 200V kugeza 800V DC, hamwe na 400V DC isanzwe.

Umuvuduko w'akagari na sisitemu ya sisitemu:

Utugingo ngengabuzima twa buri muntu dufite voltage yo hasi cyane (urugero, selile LiFePO4 ni nomero 3.2V).
Kugirango ugere kuri sisitemu yifuzwa (nka 48V cyangwa 400V), selile nyinshi zahujwe murukurikirane (voltage yongeyeho) muri module ya bateri cyangwa paki. Guhuza module muburyo bubangikanye byongera ubushobozi bwose (Ah / kWh) mugihe ugumya voltage imwe.

Kuki Umuvuduko Ufite akamaro?

Gukora neza:Sisitemu yo hejuru ya voltage isanzwe igira igihombo cyingufu zo kwangirika mugukoresha amashanyarazi angana (Power = Voltage x Current). Ibi birashobora gusobanura neza gato muri rusange imikorere ya sisitemu.
Amafaranga yo gukoresha insinga:Umuvuduko mwinshi utanga amashanyarazi yo hasi, bivuze ko insinga zoroshye (kandi akenshi zidahenze) insinga z'umuringa zirashobora gukoreshwa hagati ya bateri na inverter ya Hybrid.
Guhuza Inverter:Umuvuduko wa bateri ugomba kuba uhujwe na DC yinjiza voltage yumurongo wa Hybrid inverter ihujwe. Batteri yumuriro mwinshi hamwe na voltage nini cyane, naBatteri 51.2Vguhuza hamwe na 51.2V inverter.
Umutekano & Kwishyiriraho:Sisitemu yo hejuru ya voltage (mubisanzwe> 60V DC) isaba protocole yumutekano ikarishye hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya mugihe cyo kuyishyiraho no kuyitunganya, akenshi bigenwa na code yamashanyarazi. Bagomba gukemurwa gusa nababigize umwuga babishoboye.

Nuwuhe muvuduko ukwiye?

Amazu agezweho ya gride ashakisha kubika neza no kubika neza,amashanyarazi menshi (urugero, ~ 400V) sisitemu ya lithium-ionbigenda byiyongera mubisanzwe, guhuza neza hamwe na iniverisite ikora neza.
Kuri porogaramu ntoya ya gride, RVs, cyangwa sisitemu yihariye yo kuzamura umurage, sisitemu ya 48V (lithium na aside-aside) ikomeza kuba ingirakamaro kandi ishyigikiwe cyane.
Kurangiza, voltage yihariye ya sisitemu ya batiri ya PV izagenwa nigishushanyo mbonera cyakozwe nu gihuza na inverter yahisemo hamwe nuburyo rusange bwububiko. Iyo ugereranije sisitemu, gusobanukirwa niba ari "voltage nkeya" (mubisanzwe 48V) cyangwa "voltage nini" sisitemu ifasha mugusuzuma ibiranga no guhuza.

Reba ingingo kuri Batteri Yumuvuduko mwinshi na Batteri Ntoya.

Gutegura Igishoro cyawe: Ibitekerezo byingenzi mbere yo kugura

Gushora imari muri sisitemu ya batiri ya PV bisaba gutegura neza:

Kumenya Sisitemu yawe:Ntugakabye cyangwa ngo ugabanye. Ingano ya Batteri (kWh) biterwa nikigereranyo cyo gukoresha ingufu za buri munsi, ingano yizuba (kwat), icyo ushaka gusubiza inyuma mugihe cyacitse, hamwe nintego zawe (kuzigama kwinshi nububiko bwibanze). Umwuga wabigize umwuga arashobora gufasha kubara ibi.
Sobanukirwa n'ibiciro:Ibintu mubiciro bya bateri ubwayo, inverter (niba kuzamura / kuvanga), imirimo yo kwishyiriraho, kuzamura amashanyarazi, hamwe nimpushya. Baza ibiciro byose byashyizweho hamwe nibishobora kuzigama igihe kirekire (Garuka kubushoramari - ROI).
Kubona Abashiraho Yujuje ibyangombwa:Ibi nibyingenzi kumutekano no gukora. Shakisha abafite uburambe, bemewe (urugero, icyemezo cya NABCEP muri Amerika) hamwe nibisobanuro byiza hamwe nuburambe bwihariye muri sisitemu yo kubika batiri.
Ibyemezo bya garanti:Soma ibyanditse neza. Sobanukirwa na garanti yigihe (imyaka), ingwate yubuzima, hamwe nijanisha ryubushobozi bwa garanti. Garanti zitandukanye zikunze kubaho kuri bateri, inverter, hamwe nogukora.
Ahantu Kwinjirira & Kubungabunga:Batteri ikenera ubushyuhe bwihariye bwo gukora n'umwanya. Reba gushyira (garage, icyumba cyingirakamaro, hanze). Bateri nyinshi zigezweho za Li-ion zisaba bike kugirango zitabungabungwa, bitandukanye na aside-aside yuzuye.
Kuyobora Amabwiriza & Ibitekerezo:Reba kode yinyubako zaho, ibyangombwa bisabwa guhuza (uruhushya rwo guhuza), hamwe nubushake bwamafaranga. Ibi birashobora guhindura cyane ikiguzi (urugero,Inguzanyo yo gushora imari muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika (ITC)bikunze gukoreshwa kuri bateri zishyurwa nizuba, hiyongereyeho reta / rezo zaho).

Sisitemu ya Batiri ya PV na Solar isanzwe ihambiriye izuba: Itandukaniro irihe?

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (FAQ) kubyerekeranye na sisitemu ya Bateri ya PV

Q1: Nshobora kongeramo bateri muri sisitemu yizuba iriho?

Igisubizo: Yego, akenshi urashobora kubinyujije muri "AC guhuza" aho bateri na inverter yayo byongeweho hamwe nizuba rihari. Guhuza bigomba kugenzurwa numuhanga. Guhuza DC (kugabana inverter) birashobora gusaba gusimbuza inverter iriho hamwe na moderi ya Hybrid.

Q2: Batteri yizuba isanzwe imara igihe kingana iki?

Igisubizo: Ubuzima buterwa nubwoko, imikoreshereze, nibisabwa. Batteri ya kijyambere ya Litiyumu-Ion (cyane cyane LFP) akenshi iremezwa imyaka 10-15 cyangwa umubare runaka wizunguruka (urugero, 6,000-10,000 cycle), kandi birashobora kumara igihe kirekire. Bateri ya aside-aside isanzwe imara imyaka 3-7.

Q3: Ni ikihe giciro cyo hagati ya sisitemu ya batiri izuba murugo?

Igisubizo: Ibiciro biratandukanye cyane bitewe nubunini (kWh), ikirango, ubwoko, hamwe nuburyo bugoye. Harimo kwishyiriraho, tegereza ibiciro biri hagati ya $ 800 kugeza $ 1.500 + kuri kilowati yububiko (guhera mu ntangiriro ya 2024, reba ibiciro biriho). Inkunga zirashobora kugabanya cyane ibi.

Q4: Bateri yizuba irakwiriye niba mfite net metering?

Igisubizo: Biterwa. Niba inguzanyo zingana na net zitanga (1: 1 agaciro), inyungu nziza yo kuzigama irashobora kugabanuka. Nyamara, bateri ziracyatanga imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma, zifasha kwirinda igihe kinini-cyo-gukoresha, no kongera kwikoresha, bifite agaciro karenze inguzanyo zingana. Agaciro kifuzo kiyongera niba politiki yo gupima net itabaye nziza.

Q5: Batteri yizuba isaba kubungabunga bangahe?

Igisubizo: Bateri ya kijyambere ya Litiyumu-Ion ni hafi yubusa. Bateri ya aside-aside (cyane cyane ubwoko bwuzuyemo umwuzure) isaba kugenzura buri gihe, gusukura, no hejuru y'amazi hejuru. Abashiraho barashobora gutanga inama kubitekerezo byihariye byabashinzwe.

Q6: Sisitemu ya batiri ya PV ifite umutekano?

Igisubizo: Iyo ushyizwemo neza nababigize umwuga babishoboye ukoresheje ibikoresho byemewe (nka bateri UL yanditse kuri bateri na inverter), sisitemu ya batiri ya PV iba ifite umutekano cyane. Chimie ya Litiyumu Iron Fosifate (LFP) izwi cyane cyane kubera ubushyuhe bwumuriro hamwe numwirondoro wumutekano. Kwishyiriraho neza no kubahiriza code ni ngombwa.

Umwanzuro: Sisitemu ya Batteri ya PV ni amahitamo meza kuri wewe?

Sisitemu ya batiri ya PV yerekana intambwe igaragara yo kugenzura ingufu, kuzigama amafaranga, no kwihangana. Kubika ingufu zubusa zituruka kumirasire yizuba yawe, urashobora guha ingufu urugo rwawe nyuma yizuba rirenze, ukagabanya cyane kwishingikiriza kuri gride, kandi ugakomeza gucana amatara mugihe cyacitse.

Mugihe ishoramari ryambere riri hejuru yizuba risanzwe ryizuba, inyungu - cyane cyane ubwigenge bwingufu, kuzigama igihe kirekire (cyane cyane izamuka ryibiciro byingirakamaro cyangwa igiciro cya TOU), nimbaraga zidasanzwe zo kugarura - bituma ihitamo rikomeye kubafite amazu menshi.

Suzuma uburyo ukoresha imbaraga zawe (Reba ibara ryizuba ryizuba), icyifuzo cyawe cyo kugarura imbaraga, ibiciro byingirakamaro bya politiki hamwe na politiki, hamwe nogushigikira kuboneka. Niba gukoresha ingufu nyinshi zishoramari ryizuba hamwe no kubona amashanyarazi murugo rwawe nibyingenzi, sisitemu ya batiri ya PV birashoboka ko ari amahitamo meza kubejo hazaza hawe.