Sistimi ea Battery ea PV ke eng? Tataiso ea hau e Felletseng ea Polokelo ea Matla a Letsatsi

Ho Matlafatsa Bokamoso ba Hao: Hobaneng ha Polokelo ea Matla a Letsatsi e le Bohlokoa

Liphanele tsa letsatsi (Photovoltaic kapa PV system) li fetotse tsela eo re fehlang motlakase ka eona, ho fana ka mohloli o hloekileng, o ka nchafatsoang ho tloha marulelong a rona. Leha ho le joalo, matla a letsatsi a na le phephetso ea tlhaho: liphanele li hlahisa motlakase feela ha letsatsi le chabile. Ho etsahala'ng bosiu, kapa matsatsing a maru a maholo? Mme ho thoe'ng ka ho khaoha ha motlakase oa grid? Nako ena hangata e bolela ho itšetleha ka marang-rang a setso, ho fokotsa bokhoni bo felletseng ba matsete a hau a letsatsi.

Mona ke moo tsamaiso ea betri ea PV e kenang teng. Ak'u nahane u nka matla a letsatsi a feteletseng, a sa sebelisoeng a liphanele tseo u li hlahisang nakong ea motšehare o moholo 'me u li bolokele hamorao. Ke sona seo sistimi ea polokelo ea matla a letsatsi e u lumellang ho se etsa. Ke phetoho-papali bakeng sa ho ikemela ha matla le ho sebetsa hantle. Tataiso ena e tla u tsamaisa ho tsohle tseo u hlokang ho li tseba ka li-betri tsa PV: hore na li joang, li sebetsa joang, likarolo tsa tsona, melemo le lintlha tsa bohlokoa.

Ho hlalosa Sisteme ea Battery ea PV: Ka Ntle ho Liphanele tsa Solar Feela

Hantle-ntle ke Eng?

Ka mantsoe a bonolo, sistimi ea betri ea PV e kopanya liphanele tse tloaelehileng tsa letsatsi le yuniti ea polokelo ea betri. Ha liphanele tsa letsatsi li fetola khanya ea letsatsi hore e be motlakase (DC power), betri e boloka motlakase leha e le ofe o sa sebelisoeng hang-hang lapeng la hau. Joale matla ana a bolokiloeng a ka sebelisoa hamorao, joalo ka mantsiboea, bosiu, kapa e le matla a bekapo ha gridi ea lisebelisoa e theoha.

Sena se fapane haholo le sistimi e tloaelehileng ea letsatsi ea PV e kentsoeng ke grid ntle le polokelo. Lits'ebetsong tseo, matla afe kapa afe a matla a letsatsi a hlahisoang hangata a khutlisetsoa ho grid ea utility (hangata bakeng sa mokoloto, e tsejoang ka hore ke metering ea net). Sistimi ea betri ea PV e etelletsa pele ho boloka matla a feteletseng bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea hau pele, ho eketsa boitšepo ba hau.

Ho Utloisisa Melao ea Bohlokoa

PV (Photovoltaics):Theknoloji e sebelisoang liphanele tsa letsatsi ho fetolela khanya ea letsatsi ka kotloloho ho motlakase.
Polokelo ea Betri:Karolo e bolokang motlakase oa DC o fehloang ke liphanele tsa letsatsi bakeng sa ho sebelisoa hamorao.
Mefuta ea Sisteme le Libetri:

• Li-grid-Tied:E hoketsoe ho grid ea lisebelisoa. Sistimi ea betri ea PV mona e boloka matla hore e sebelisoe hamorao, e fokotsa ts'epo ea grid mme e ka fana ka backup.
• Off-grid:E ikemetse ka botlalo ho grid ea lisebelisoa. Libetri li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka matla bakeng sa tšebeliso e tsoelang pele.
• Hybrid:E hokahane le grid empa e na le bokhoni ba ho boloka betri, e fana ka tse ntlehali lefatšeng ka bophara.

Sistimi ea Battery ea PV e sebetsa joang? (Motšehare, Bosiu le Maemo)

Theko ea Motheo: Lipotoloho tsa ho lefisa le ho lahla

Sistimi ka bohlale e laola phallo ea matla ho latela tlhahiso ea letsatsi, litlhoko tsa matla a lapeng, le boemo ba betri ea tefiso. E sebetsa ka mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea tefiso le ea ho tsoa.

Boemo ba 1: Letsatsi la Letsatsi - Tlhahiso e Phahameng

Li-solar panel li hlahisa motlakase oa DC.
Motlakase ona o qala ka ho matlafatsa lisebelisoa tsa ntlo ea hau le ho jara thepa ka kotloloho (kamora ho fetoloa ho AC ka inverter).
Motlakase ofe kapa ofe o feteletseng oa letsatsi o sebelisoa ho tjhaja betri.
Haeba betri e tjhajiloe ka botlalo 'me litlhoko tsa lehae la hau li khotsofatsoa, ​​matla a mang a mangata a ka romelloa ho marang-rang (ho latela litlhophiso tsa sistimi le litumellano tsa ts'ebeliso).

Maemo a 2: Bosiu kapa Letsatsi le Letlaase

Liphanele tsa letsatsi li hlahisa matla a fokolang kapa ha li na matla.
Matla a bolokiloeng ka betri ea felloa ke matla (e fetoleloa ho AC) ho matlafatsa meroalo ea ntlo ea hau.
Haeba betri e felloa ke matla kapa tlhoko ea hau ea matla e feta matla a betri, sistimi e hula matla a hlokahalang ho grid ea utility.

Boemo ba 3: Ho Khaoha ha Motlakase oa Grid

Sistimi e lemoha ho hloleha ha gridi.
Haeba e etselitsoe matla a bekapo, e itokolla ho grid (sehlekehlekeng) bakeng sa polokeho.
Ebe e sebelisa matla a betri a bolokiloeng ho matlafatsa li-circuits/moroalo oa bohlokoa o khethiloeng esale pele ka tlung ea hau (joalo ka mabone, sehatsetsi, Wi-Fi). Nako e ipapisitse le matla a betri le boholo ba mojaro.

Anatomy ea Sisteme ea Battery ea PV: Likaroloana tsa Bohlokoa li hlalositsoe

Sistimi ea betri ea PV e na le likarolo tse 'maloa tsa mantlha tse sebetsang hammoho:

Liphanele tsa Solar (PV Modules):Tšoara khanya ea letsatsi 'me u e fetole motlakase oa DC.
Betri ea Letsatsi:E boloka matla a DC. Ena ke pelo ea tsamaiso ea polokelo. Lik'hemik'hale tse fapaneng le bokhoni li teng.
Inverter:E fetolela motlakase oa DC (ho tloha liphanele/betri) ho ea ho motlakase oa AC (o sebelisoang ke lisebelisoa tsa lapeng). Li-inverters tsa Hybrid li atile lits'ebetsong tsa betri kaha li khona ho laola phallo ea matla ho tsoa liphanele, betri le grid ka nako e le ngoe. Litsamaiso tse ling li ka sebelisa li-inverters tse arohaneng bakeng sa liphanele le betri (coupling ea AC). (Tlhahiso ea ka hare ea Khokahanyo: Khokahanyo ea leqephe le hlalosang li-inverters tsa letsatsi)
Sistimi ea Taolo ea Betri (BMS):Sistimi ea elektroniki e kenyellelitsoeng ka har'a pakete ea betri e hlokomelang boemo ba eona (thempereichara, voltage, tjhaja), e e sireletsa hore e se ke ea tjhaja ho feta tekano/ho tima, 'me e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le nako ea bophelo.
Selaoli sa Charge (Hangata se kopantsoe, se bohlokoa bakeng sa litsamaiso tse ling):E laola matla a DC ho tsoa liphanele ho tjhaja betri ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng, ho thibela ho tjhaja ho feta tekano, haholo-holo ho bohlokoa ho li-setups tse kopaneng tsa DC kapa tse kantle ho grid. Hangata e kopantsoe ho li-inverters tse nyalisitsoeng.
Mokhoa oa ho beha leihlo:Software (hangata e le sesebelisoa kapa portal ea tepo) e lumellang beng ba matlo ho lekola tlhahiso ea matla, tšebeliso, boemo ba betri, le ts'ebetso ea sistimi ka nako ea nnete.

Ke Libetri tsa Mofuta Ofe Tse Atileng Haholo ho PV Systems?

Betri ke khetho ea bohlokoa. Mefuta e 'meli e meholo e sebelisoang kajeno ke:

Lithium-Ion (Li-ion): Khetho e tummeng

Mefuta e menyenyane:Hangata Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP kapa LiFePO4) e tsejoang ka polokeho le bophelo bo bolelele, le Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) e tsejoang ka ho teteka ha matla.
Melemo:Matla a phahameng a matla (ho boloka ho feta sebakeng se senyenyane), nako e telele ea bophelo (lipotoloho tse ngata tsa tefiso), botebo bo phahameng ba ho tsoa (DoD - sebelisa matla a mangata a bolokiloeng), bokhoni bo phahameng, ka kakaretso bo sa hloke tlhokomelo.
Mathata:Litsenyehelo tsa pele tse holimo ha li bapisoa le acid ea lead.

Lead-Acid: Kgetho ya Setso

Mefuta:Likhohola (li hloka tlhokomelo - ho eketsa metsi a hloekisitsoeng) le ho Tiisoa (AGM / Gel - ntle le tlhokomelo).
Melemo:Theko e tlase ea pele, theknoloji e netefalitsoeng.
Mathata:Nako e khuts'oane ea bophelo, DoD e tlase (e ke ke ea sebelisa matla a mangata a bolokiloeng ntle le tšenyo), boima bo boima / bo bongata, bo sebetsang bo tlase, bo ka hloka moea (oa likhohola).

Libetri tsa letsatsi tsa BSLBATT li thehiloe haholo-holo holim'a litharollo tsa mantlha tsa polokelo ea LiFePO4 tse tsoang ho bahlahisi ba phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba lefatše ba 5 LiFePO4 joalo ka EVE, REPT.

Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa tsa Papiso:

Bokhoni (kWh):Betri e ka boloka matla a makae.
Boemo ba Matla (kW):Betri e ka fana ka matla a makae ka nako e le 'ngoe (e etsa qeto ea hore na e ka sebetsa lisebelisoa tse kae/ke life ka nako e le 'ngoe).
Botebo ba Phallo (DoD):Peresente ea kakaretso ea matla e ka sebelisoang ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng (mohlala, 90% DoD e bolela hore u ka sebelisa 9kWh ho tsoa betereng ea 10kWh). Holimo ho molemo.
Maeto a Ho khutla (%):Energy out vs. energy in. Ho phahama ho bolela tahlehelo e nyane ea matla nakong ea tefiso/ho tsoa.
Nako ea bophelo (Lipotoloho / Lilemo):Ke makhetlo a makae betri e ka tjhajang/e tjhajang pele matla a theoha haholo. Hangata e tiisetsoa bakeng sa palo e behiloeng ea lilemo kapa li-cycle.
Tiisetso:E bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sireletsa matsete a hau. Sheba lilemo tse koahetsoeng, li-cycle tse tiisitsoeng, le matla a ho qetela a tiisetso.
Tšireletseho:Batla litifikeiti (joalo kaUL / IECmaemo). LFP ka kakaretso e nkuoa e bolokehile haholo.
Litšenyehelo:Nahana ka litšenyehelo tsa pele khahlano le boleng ba bophelo bohle ($/kWh e bolokiloeng bophelong ba eona).

Voltage ea Battery ea PV ke eng?

Ha ho buisanoa ka libeteri tsa PV, "voltage" ha se nomoro e le 'ngoe e tsitsitseng.E itšetlehile ka k'hemistri ea betri, hore na lisele tsa betri ka bomong li hlophisitsoe joang ka har'a pakete, le lipakane tsa kakaretso tsa moralo oa tsamaiso ea matla a letsatsi. Mona ke seo u hlokang ho se tseba:

Nominal Voltage: Ena ke motlakase oa litšupiso tse atisang ho sebelisoa ho arola libeteri kapa litsamaiso.

Litsamaiso tse Tlase tsa Motlakase (Ho Tloaelehile ho Feta Histori):Litsamaiso tsa khale tse kantle ho grid kapa tse nyane hangata li ne li sebelisa li-voltage tse kang 12V, 24V, kapa 48V DC. Hangata libeteri tsa asiti ea lead li fumaneha maemong ana a motlakase. Litsamaiso tse ling tsa modular lithium-ion le tsona li sebetsa ho51.2Vrange, e tsejoang ka polokeho ea eona e lekanyelitsoeng le ho ikamahanya le li-inverter tse ngata tse kantle ho grid.

Litsamaiso tse Phahameng tsa Voltage (Tsela ea Kajeno):Boholo ba lisebelisoa tsa betri tsa lithium-ion tsa sejoale-joale li sebetsa ka matla a DC a phahameng haholo, hangata ho tloha ho 200V ho isa ho 800V DC, 'me hoo e ka bang 400V DC e atile haholo.

Cell Voltage vs. System Voltage:

Lisele tsa betri ka bomong li na le matla a tlase haholo (mohlala, sele ea LiFePO4 e bitsoa 3.2V).
Ho fihlella motlakase o lakatsehang oa sistimi (joalo ka 48V kapa 400V), lisele tse ngata li hokahantsoe ka letoto (li-voltage li eketsa) ka har'a module ea betri kapa pakete. Ho kopanya li-module ka ho lekana ho eketsa matla a kakaretso (Ah / kWh) ha ho ntse ho boloka motlakase o lekana.

Ke Hobane'ng ha Voltage e le ea Bohlokoa?

Katleho:Litsamaiso tse phahameng tsa motlakase hangata li na le tahlehelo e tlase ea matla a ho hanyetsa lithapo bakeng sa palo e lekanang ea phetisetso ea matla (Matla = Voltage x Current). Sena se ka bolela ts'ebetso e ntle hanyane ka kakaretso ea sistimi.
Litšenyehelo tsa Wiring:Matla a phahameng a matla a lumella ho fokotseha ha hona joale, ho bolelang hore mohala oa koporo o mosesaane ('me hangata o sa theko e tlaase) o ka sebelisoa pakeng tsa betri le mochine oa motlakase oa lebasetere.
Tšebelisano ea Inverter:Matla a betri a tlameha ho tsamaellana le mofuta oa motlakase oa motlakase oa DC oa inverter e hoketsoeng ea lebasetere. Li-betri tse nang le matla a phahameng li kopane le li-inverters tse matla, le51.2V libeterie kopane le li-inverters tsa 51.2V.
Polokeho le Kemiso:Litsamaiso tse phahameng tsa motlakase (hangata> 60V DC) li hloka liprothokholo tse thata tsa ts'ireletso le mekhoa ea ts'ebetso nakong ea ho kenya le ho lokisoa, hangata e laetsoeng ke likhoutu tsa motlakase. Li lokela ho sebetsoa feela ke litsebi tse tšoanelehang.

Ke Voltage efe e Nepahetseng?

Bakeng sa matlo a sejoale-joale a tlamelletsoeng ka marang-rang a batlang polokelo e nepahetseng ea matla le backup,high-voltage (mohlala, ~ 400V) mekhoa ea lithium-ionli ntse li eketseha, li tsamaisana hantle le li-inverters tse sebetsang hantle tse nyalisitsoeng.
Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse nyane tse kantle ho grid, li-RV, kapa lintlafatso tse khethehileng tsa sistimi ea lefa, litsamaiso tsa 48V (lithium le lead-acid) li lula li sebetsa ebile li tšehetsoa ka bophara.
Qetellong, motlakase o ikhethileng oa sistimi ea hau ea betri ea PV e tla khethoa ke moralo oa moetsi le ho lumellana ha eona le inverter e khethiloeng le meralo ea sistimi ka kakaretso. Ha ho bapisoa litsamaiso, ho utloisisa hore na ke "voltage e tlase" (ka tloaelo 48V) kapa "high voltage" sistimi e thusa ho lekola litšobotsi tsa eona le tšebelisano.

Sheba sengoloa se mabapi le Libetri tsa Matla a Phahameng a Phahameng vs Libetri tsa Voltage tse tlase.

Ho Rala Matsete a Hao: Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa Pele U Reka

Ho tsetela ho sistimi ea betri ea PV ho hloka moralo o hlokolosi:

Ho lekanya Sisteme ea Hau:U se ke ua feteletsa kapa ua fokotsa boholo. Boholo ba betri (kWh) bo ipapisitse le karolelano ea tšebeliso ea matla ea letsatsi le letsatsi, boholo ba solar system (kW), seo u batlang ho se boloka nakong ea ho tima, le lipakane tsa hau (boholo ba polokelo khahlano le bekapo ea mantlha). Setsebi sa setsebi se ka thusa ho bala sena.
Ho Utloisisa Litšenyehelo:Taba ea litšenyehelo tsa betri ka boeona, inverter (haeba e ntlafatsa / lebasetere), mosebetsi oa ho kenya, lisebelisoa tse ka bang teng tsa motlakase, le litumello. Botsa ka kakaretso ea litšenyehelo tse kentsoeng le chelete e ka bang teng ea nako e telele (Return on Investment - ROI).
Ho Fumana Basebelisi ba Tšoanelehang:Sena se bohlokoa bakeng sa polokeho le ts'ebetso. Batla li-installer tse nang le boiphihlelo, tse netefalitsoeng (mohlala, setifikeiti sa NABCEP naheng ea US) tse nang le litlhahlobo tse ntle le boiphihlelo bo ikhethang lits'ebetsong tsa polokelo ea betri.
Warranties Matter:Bala mongolo o motle. Utloisisa nako ea tiisetso (lilemo), tiisetso ea bophelo ba potoloho, le liperesente tse netefalitsoeng tsa pheletso ea tiisetso. Liwaranti tse arohaneng hangata li teng bakeng sa betri, inverter, le mosebetsi oa ho kenya.
Sebaka le Tlhokomelo:Libetri li hloka mocheso le sebaka se itseng. Nahana ka ho beoa (garage, kamore ea lisebelisoa, ka ntle). Bongata ba libeteri tsa Li-ion tsa sejoale-joale ha li hloke tlhokomelo e fokolang, ho fapana le moroallo oa asiti ea lead.
Melawana ea ho Tsamaisa le Litšusumetso:Lekola likhoutu tsa meaho ea lehae, litlhoko tsa khokahano ea lisebelisoa (tumello ea ho hokela), le likhothaletso tse fumanehang tsa lichelete. Tsena li ka ama litšenyehelo haholo (mohlala,Mokitlane oa Lekhetho la Lekhetho la Lekhetho la US Federal Solar (ITC)hangata e sebetsa ho libetri tse lefisoang ke solar, hammoho le litheolelo tsa naha/sebaka).

PV Battery System vs. Standard Grid-Tied Solar: Phapano ke Efe?

Lipotso Tse Botsoang Hangata (FAQ) mabapi le PV Battery Systems

Q1: Na nka eketsa betere ho sistimi ea ka e teng ea letsatsi?

A: E, hangata u ka khona ka "AC coupling" moo betri le inverter ea eona li kenyelletsoang haufi le setaele sa hau sa letsatsi. Ho lumellana ho hloka ho hlahlojoa ke setsebi. Ho kopanya ha DC (ho arolelana inverter) ho ka hloka hore ho nkeloe sebaka sa inverter e teng ka mofuta oa lebasetere.

Q2: Libetri tsa letsatsi li lula nako e kae?

K: Nako ea bophelo e itšetlehile ka mofuta, tšebeliso le maemo. Libetri tsa Lithium-Ion tsa sejoale-joale (haholo-holo LFP) li lula li lokiselitsoe lilemo tse 10-15 kapa palo e itseng ea li-cycle (mohlala, li-cycle 6,000-10,000), 'me li ka tšoarella nako e telele. Libetri tsa lead-acid hangata li nka lilemo tse 3-7.

Q3: Ka karolelano litšenyehelo tsa sesebelisoa sa betri ea letsatsi la lapeng ke bokae?

A: Litšenyehelo li fapana haholo ho latela boholo (kWh), mofuta, mofuta, le ho rarahana ha ho kengoa. Ho kenyeletsoa ho kenya, lebella litšenyehelo tse ka bang $800 ho isa ho $1,500+ ka kWh ea bokhoni ba polokelo (ho tloha qalong ea 2024, hlahloba litheko tsa hajoale). Litšusumetso li ka fokotsa sena haholo.

Q4: Na betri ea letsatsi e bohlokoa haeba ke na le metering ea marang-rang?

A: Ho itšetlehile. Haeba chelete e felletseng ea metering e le ngata (boleng ba 1:1), melemo ea ho boloka sekoloto e ka fokotsoa. Leha ho le joalo, libeteri li ntse li fana ka matla a bekapo, li thusa ho qoba litefiso tse phahameng tsa Nako ea ho Sebelisa, le ho eketsa tšebeliso ea tsona, tse nang le boleng bo fetang likhrediti tsa metering. Tlhahiso ea boleng e ea eketseha haeba melaoana ea metering e fokotseha haholo.

Q5: Libetri tsa letsatsi li hloka tlhokomelo e kae?

A: Libetri tsa sejoale-joale tsa Lithium-Ion ha li na tlhokomelo. Libetri tsa asiti ea loto (haholo-holo mefuta e tletseng likhohola) li hloka ho hlahlojoa nako le nako, ho hloekisoa, le ho eketsa metsi a hloekisitsoeng. Li-installer li ka fana ka keletso mabapi le litlhahiso tse khethehileng tsa moetsi.

Q6: Na lisebelisoa tsa betri tsa PV li bolokehile?

A: Ha e kentsoe ka nepo ke litsebi tse tšoanelehang tse sebelisang thepa e netefalitsoeng (joaloka libeteri tse thathamisitsoeng tsa UL le li-inverters), lisebelisoa tsa betri tsa PV li bolokehile haholo. Khemistri ea Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) e tsebahala haholo ka botsitso ba eona ba mocheso le boemo ba polokeho. Ho kenya dikhoutu ka nepo le ho ikamahanya le maemo ho bohlokwa.

Qetello: Na Sisteme ea Battery ea PV ke Khetho e U Lokelang?

Sistimi ea betri ea PV e emela mohato oa bohlokoa o lebisang taolong ea matla, ho boloka litšenyehelo, le ho mamella. Ka ho boloka matla a mahala a hlahisoang ke liphanele tsa letsatsi, u ka matlafatsa ntlo ea hau nako e telele ka mor'a hore letsatsi le likele, u fokotse haholo ho itšetleha ka marang-rang, 'me u lule u khantšitse mabone nakong ea ho tima.

Le hoja matsete a pele a le holimo ho feta tsamaiso e tloaelehileng ea letsatsi, melemo - haholo-holo ho ikemela ha matla, ho boloka chelete e kholo ea nako e telele (haholo-holo ka litšenyehelo tse ntseng li phahama kapa litekanyetso tsa TOU), le matla a bohlokoa a ho boloka matla - e etsa hore e be khetho e qobellang ho beng ba matlo ba bangata.

Lekola mekhoa ea hau ea tšebeliso ea matla (Sheba sebali sa rona sa solar batter calculator), takatso ea hau ea matla a bekapo, litefiso tsa ts'ebeliso ea lehae le maano, le likhothaletso tse fumanehang. Haeba ho eketsa matsete a hau a letsatsi le ho boloka motlakase oa lehae la hau ke lintho tse tlang pele, sistimi ea betri ea PV e kanna ea ba khetho e ntle bakeng sa bokamoso ba hau ba matla.