I-DC kuya ku-AC Power Conversion Kuchaziwe: Umhlahlandlela Wakho kuma-Inverters

Ukuguqulwa kwamandla e-DC ukuya ku-AC kudlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zamandla zanamuhla. Ivala igebe phakathi kwemithombo yamanje (DC) eqondile, njengamaphaneli elanga namabhethri, kanye nemishini yamanje (AC) eshintshanayo, ebusa izinhlelo zokusebenza zasendlini nezimboni. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana namagridi kagesi, okuvumela ukusatshalaliswa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngendlela efanele.

Ama-inverters asebenza njengomgogodla wale nqubo. Ngokuguqula i-DC ibe yi-AC, bavula amandla weizinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayokanye nezixazululo zokugcina ibhethri. Ucwaningo lwemboni lugqamisa ukuthi amahabhu e-DC anganciphisa ukulahleka kokuguqulwa abe ngaphansi kuka-2%, uma kuqhathaniswa nokulahlekelwa okungu-5–10% okubonwa kuziguquli zeleveli yedivayisi. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kugcizelela ukubaluleka kobuchwepheshe obuthembekile be-inverter ekufinyeleleni imigomo esimeme yamandla.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

• Ama-inverters ashintsha amandla e-DC ukusuka kumaphaneli elanga abe namandla e-AC. Lokhu kuyenza isebenziseke ezintweni zasendlini ezifana nama-TV namafriji.
• Ukukhetha i-inverter esebenza kahle ngaphezu kuka-95% konga amandla. Yehlisa izindleko zikagesi futhi isebenza kangcono.
• Yazi ukuthi udinga amandla angakanani. Engeza amandla okusebenzisa amadivayisi akho. Khetha i-inverter enamandla anele ukuze uvimbele ukugcwala ngokweqile.
• Cabanga ngohlobo lokukhiphayo. Ama-inverter e-sine wave angcono kakhulu kuma-elekthronikhi athambile. Ama-sine wave inverters ashintshiwe abiza kancane kodwa asebenza ngamadivaysi ambalwa.
• Faka futhi ugcine ama-inverters ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kuzisiza ukuthi zihlale isikhathi eside futhi zisebenze kahle ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukile.

I-DC vs AC Power

I-Defining Direct Current (DC)

Izici ze-Direct Current

I-Direct current (DC) igeleza ngendlela eyodwa, engaqondile. Lokhu kugeleza okuqhubekayo kukagesi kuyenza ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amazinga kagesi angashintshi. Ngokungafani ne-alternating current (AC), i-DC ayiguquki phakathi kwamanani amahle namabi. Kunalokho, igcina i-polarity engaguquki, eyenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa kwayo emishinini eminingi kagesi.

Amandla e-DC ngokuvamile akhiqizwa imithombo efana namabhethri, amaphaneli elanga, namaseli kaphethiloli. Le mithombo ikhiqiza ugesi ogeleza ngokuqondile kumadivayisi kagesi noma amasistimu okugcina eshaja. Ukuba lula kwamasekhethi e-DC kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa kumabanga amafushane.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Direct Current

Amandla e-DC adlala indima ebalulekile kubuchwepheshe besimanje. Inika amandla amadivayisi afana nama-smartphones, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, nezinhlelo zokukhanyisa ze-LED. Izimoto zikagesi (EVs) nazo zithembele ku-DC ngamasistimu azo amabhethri. Ukwengeza, i-DC ibalulekile ezinhlelweni zamandla avuselelekayo, lapho amaphaneli elanga ekhiqiza amandla aqondile ngaphambi kokuyiguqulela ku-AC ukuze ihambisane negridi.

Ezikhungweni zedatha, ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-DC kuyadlondlobala. Ucwaningo lubonisa lokhoAmasistimu we-380-V DC adlula ukusetha kwe-AC kwendabuko ngokusebenza kahle, ikakhulukazi uma ihlanganiswe nezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic (PV). Lokhu kusebenza kahle kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza futhi kukhulisa ukuthembeka.

Ukuchaza Alternating Current (AC)

Izici Zokushintshana Kwamanje

I-alternating current (AC) ihlehlisa ukuqondiswa kwayo ngezikhathi ezithile. Lokhu kuzungeza kwenzeka ngefrikhwensi ethile, ngokuvamile engu-50 noma engu-60 Hz, kuye ngendawo. Amandla kagesi ezinhlelweni ze-AC ashintshana phakathi kwamanani amahle namabi, okudala i-waveform ye-sinusoidal.

Amandla e-AC okushintsha amazinga kagesi esebenzisa ama-transformer ayenza ilungele ukudluliswa kwebanga elide. I-High-voltage AC inciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla ngesikhathi sokudlulisa, iqinisekisa ukulethwa okuphumelelayo emakhaya nasemabhizinisini.

Izicelo Zokushintshana Kwamanje

I-AC inika amandla izinto eziningi zasendlini, okuhlanganisa amafriji, ama-air conditioner, namathelevishini. Kuyindinganiso yamagridi kagesi emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwawo ekudluliseni nasekusabalaliseni.

Imishini yezimboni nezinhlelo ezinkulu nazo zincike ku-AC. Ukuhambisana kwayo nama-transformer kuvumela izimboni ukuthi zisebenzise imishini emazingeni ahlukene kagesi. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwenza i-AC ibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zombili izilungiselelo zokuhlala nezohwebo.

Umehluko Obalulekile Phakathi kwe-DC ne-AC

Ukugeleza Kwe-Voltage kanye Namanje

Umehluko oyinhloko usekutheni ugesi uhamba kanjani. I-DC igcina ukugeleza okuzinzile ohlangothini olulodwa, kuyilapho i-AC ishintshana lapho iya khona ngezikhathi ezithile. Lo mehluko uthinta izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza nokusebenza kahle.

Isibonelo, i-DC isebenza kahle kakhulu ekunikezeni amandla amadivayisi esimanje njengama-smartphone namalaptop. Lawa madivayisi ngokuvamile adinga i-DC ngaphakathi, ngisho noma zithola i-AC kugridi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-AC's oscillating nature iyenza ifaneleke ukudlulisa ugesi amabanga amade.

Izicelo Zezobuchwepheshe

I-DC ne-AC inikezela ngezidingo ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe. I-DC ilungele izinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo, izimoto zikagesi, nezikhungo zedatha.Cishe u-74% wemithwalo kagesi ezindlini idinga amandla e-DC, okuhlanganisa amasistimu e-HVAC namashaja e-EV. Ukuhambisana kwayo namadivayisi edijithali kanye nezinzuzo zokuphepha kuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuncanyelwayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje.

I-AC, nokho, ibusa izinhlelo zamandla endabuko. Inika amandla izinto zasendlini, izimboni, namagridi kagesi. Amandla okunyusa noma ukwehlisa amazinga kagesi usebenzisa ama-transformer aqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwawo ekusabalaliseni amandla.

Qaphela: Nakuba kokubili i-AC ne-DC inamazinga okusebenza ngendlela efanayo kwezinye izimo, ukunciphisa izigaba zokuguqulwa kwamandla kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-DC. Isibonelo, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-DC ezikhungweni zedatha kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla nezindleko zokusebenza uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ze-AC.

Ukubaluleka kwe-DC kumandla we-AC

Umthelela Ekuphileni Kwansuku Zonke

Ukuguqulwa kwamandla e-DC ukuya ku-AC kuguqule indlela esisebenzisana ngayo namandla ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke. Izinto zikagesi eziningi zasendlini, kusukela eziqandisini kuye komabonakude, zithembele kumshini oshintshashintshayo (AC) ukuze zisebenze. Nokho, imithombo eminingi yamandla, njengamaphaneli elanga namabhethri, ikhiqiza i-direct current (DC). Ama-Inverters avala lesi sikhala, aqinisekisa ukuthi amandla e-DC anganika amandla amadivayisi e-AC kalula.

Thatha izinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo njengesibonelo. Amaphaneli elanga akhiqiza ugesi we-DC, kodwa amakhaya namabhizinisi adinga i-AC ngokukhanyisa, ukufudumeza, nezinhlelo zokupholisa. Iziguquli ziguqula le DC iyenze i-AC esebenzisekayo, okuvumela abanikazi bezindlu ukuthi basebenzise amandla ahlanzekile ngaphandle kokufaka engozini.

Amasistimu wamandla ekhophi yasenqolobaneni aphinde agqamise ukubaluleka kokuguqulwa kwe-DC kuya ku-AC. Ngesikhathi sokucisha, amabhethri agcina ugesi we-DC, ama-inverter ashintsha abe yi-AC ukuze agcine amadivaysi abalulekile esebenza. Leli khono liqinisekisa ukufinyelela okungaphazamiseki ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo ezibalulekile, njengemishini yezokwelapha nemishini yokuxhumana.

Ithiphu: Lapho ukhetha i-inverter ozoyisebenzisa ekhaya, cabangela izidingo zamandla ezinto zakho zikagesi. Ukulayisha ngokweqile i-inverter kungaholela ekungasebenzi kahle noma ukulimala.

Ithonya ku-Modern Electronics

Ama-electronics esimanje ancike kakhulu ekuguquleni kwamandla e-DC kuya ku-AC. Amadivayisi afana namakhompyutha aphathekayo, ama-smartphones, namakhonsoli egeyimu ngokuvamile adinga i-DC ngaphakathi, nakuba ethola i-AC ephuma ezindongeni. Iziguquli zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuguquleni imithombo yamandla ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zalawa madivayisi.

Izimoto zikagesi (EVs) zinikeza esinye isibonelo esinamandla. Ama-EV agcina amandla kumabhethri e-DC, kodwa iziteshi zokushaja namasistimu asebhodini ngokuvamile adinga i-AC. Ama-inverters aqinisekisa ukuhambisana phakathi kwalezi zingxenye, okuvumela ukudluliswa kwamandla okuphumelelayo nokusebenza kwemoto.

Izikhungo zedatha nazo ziyazuza kusukela ku-DC kuya ku-AC amandla okuguqulwa. Lezi zinsiza zinezindlu zamaseva nezinto zokusebenza ezithembele kumandla e-DC ukuze zisebenze kahle. Nokho, ukuhlanganisa negridi kudinga ukusebenzisana kwe-AC. Izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe ze-inverter zilawula lolu shintsho, zithuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngenkathi zigcina ukwethembeka.

Qaphela: Ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe be-inverter, njengokuphuma kwe-sine wave ehlanzekile, kuthuthukise ukuhambisana nezinto zikagesi ezibucayi. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kunciphisa ubungozi bokulimala futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza.

Kungani Ukuguqulwa kwamandla e-DC kuya ku-AC kubalulekile

Ukunika amandla Imishini Yasekhaya

Izinto zasendlini zithembele ekushintsheni kwamandla (AC) ukuze zisebenze, kodwa imithombo eminingi yamandla, njengeamabhethrikanye namaphaneli elanga, akhiqiza i-direct current (DC). Iziguquli zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuguquleni i-DC ibe yi-AC, iqinisekisa ukuhambisana nalezi zixhobo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kuguqulwa, amadivaysi afana neziqandisi, imishini yokuwasha, nomabonakude azohlala engasetshenziswa nezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo noma izixazululo zamandla eziyisipele.

Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kungenye into ebalulekile. Inqubo yokuguqula i-DC ibe i-AC ingaholela ekumoshweni kwamandla, ngokuvamile okusukela ku-5% kuya ku-20%. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokukhetha ama-inverter ekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze kuncishiswe ukungasebenzi kahle. Ngokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuguqula, imindeni inganciphisa ukumosheka kwamandla futhi inciphise izikweletu zikagesi.

Ithiphu: Lapho ukhetha i-inverter ozoyisebenzisa ekhaya, beka phambili amamodeli anezilinganiso ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze ukwandise ukonga amandla.

Ukuhambisana namaGridi kagesi

Amagridi kagesi asebenza ngokukhethekile emandleni e-AC, okwenza ukuguqulwa kwe-DC kuya ku-AC kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni izinsiza zamandla asabalalisiwe. Iziguquli zisebenza njengokuxhumana phakathi kwemithombo ye-DC, njengamaphaneli elanga noma amasistimu okugcina ibhethri, kanye negridi ye-AC. Lokhu kuhambisana kuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwamandla okushelelayo futhi kusekela ukuzinza kwegridi.

Ubuchwepheshe be-inverter obuthuthukisiwe buthuthukisa ukusebenza kwegridi. Iziguquli ze-AC/DC ze-Bidirectional zilawula amazinga kagesi futhi zithuthukisa ukulethwa kwamandla. Lezi zinhlelo zivumela futhi ukugcinwa kwamandla ngesikhathi samahora okungasebenzi kakhulu futhi akhishwe ngesikhathi sokufunwa okuphezulu, ukulinganisa ukuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo ngokuphumelelayo.

Ukuhambisana kwegridi kubaluleke kakhulu kubanikazi bezindlu abasebenzisa amandla elanga. Ngokuguqula i-DC isuka kumaphaneli e-photovoltaic ibe yi-AC, ama-inverters avumela amandla asele ukuthi abuyiselwe kugridi, bathole amakhredithi ngezinhlelo ze-net metering.

Iqhaza Ezinhlelweni Zamandla Avuselelekayo

Amasistimu wamandla avuselelekayo ancike kakhulu ekuguquleni kwamandla e-DC kuya ku-AC. Amaphaneli elanga akhiqiza ugesi we-DC, okufanele uguqulelwe ku-AC ukuze usetshenziswe ezindlini, amabhizinisi, kanye negridi. Ama-Inverters ahlomeke ngobuchwepheshe be-maximum power point tracking (MPPT) akhulisa lokhu kuguqulwa, okuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphumelelayo.

Imiklamo emisha, efana ne-Global Maximum Power Point Tracking (GMPPT), ithuthukisa ngokwengeziwe ukukhishwa kwamandla kumasistimu e-photovoltaic. Le ntuthuko ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, okwenza amandla ahlanzekile atholakale kalula futhi athembekile.

Iziguquli ze-Bidirectionalfuthi idlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni ezivuselelekayo. Balawula ukugeleza kwamandla phakathi nemijikelezo yokushaja nokukhipha, okuvumela ukusebenza okungenazihibe kwezinhlelo zokugcina ibhethri. Leli khono lisekela ukushintshela kumandla aqhubekayo ngokukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga nawomoya.

Qaphela: Ama-inverter ekhwalithi ephezulu anobuchwepheshe be-MPPT angathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo, anciphise ukulahlekelwa kwamandla futhi akhulise ukusebenza kahle jikelele.

Iqhaza Le-Inverter: Isebenza kanjani i-DC to AC Conversion

Indlela Ama-Inverters Asebenza Ngayo

Iziguquli ziyinhliziyo ye-DC yokuguqula amandla e-AC. Bathatha i-direct current (DC) emithonjeni efana namaphaneli elanga noma amabhethri bese beyiguqula ibe yamanje eshintshashintshayo (AC) elungele ukunika amandla izinto zasendlini noma ukuphakela igridi kagesi. Lolu shintsho lubandakanya ukujikeleza kwe-elekthronikhi okuthuthukisiwe kanye nezindlela zokulawula zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka.

Ama-inverter esimanje ancike ekushintsheni kwe-semiconductor, njengama-insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) noma ama-metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (ama-MOSFET), ukuze alawule ukuhamba kukagesi. Lezi zinguquko zisebenza ngamaza aphezulu, okuvumela ukulawula okunembile phezu kwefomu yegagasi yokuphumayo. Isistimu yokulawula ye-inverter isebenzisa ama-algorithms ukukhiqiza amasignali okushintsha, iqinisekisa ukuthi okukhiphayo kufana ne-voltage ye-AC oyifunayo kanye nemvamisa.

Amamethrikhi okusebenza angukhiye agqamisa ukuthembeka kwama-inverter ekuguquleni i-DC ibe amandla e-AC:

• Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla e-AC kanye ne-DC buhlala bucishe bulingane ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene, nakuba okungeyona imigqa kuphakama ngenxa yokuzisebenzisa nezici zesekhethi.
• Ukusebenza kahle, okubalwe njengesilinganiso samandla e-AC kumandla e-DC, kuncike kugesi wokufakwayo nezici zemvelo ezifana ne-solar irradiance.
• Ubuchwepheshe be-Maximum-power-point-tracking (MPPT) kuma-inverters esimanje bufinyelela amazinga okusebenza kahle we98% kuya cishe ku-100%, ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla.

Qaphela: Uma ukhetha i-inverter, hlala ubuyekeza izicaciso zomkhiqizi, okuhlanganisa ukusebenza kahle, i-voltage ye-AC, imvamisa, kanye nezilinganiso eziphezulu zamandla. Le mininingwane iqinisekisa ukuhambisana nohlelo lwakho lwamandla.

I-Output Waveforms: Pure Sine Wave vs Modified Sine Wave

Ikhwalithi ye-waveform yokuphuma kwe-inverter ithinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo nokuhambisana namadivayisi axhunyiwe. Iziguquli ngokuvamile zikhiqiza eyodwa yezinhlobo ezimbili zamagagasi: i-sine wave ehlanzekile noma igagasi le-sine eliguquliwe.

Iziguquli zamagagasi ezihlanzekile ze-sine zikhiqiza i-waveform ebushelelezi, eqhubekayo elingisa ngokuseduze amandla e-AC anikezwa igridi. Lokhu kuzenza zilungele izinto zikagesi ezizwelayo, ezifana nemishini yezokwelapha, amakhompyutha, namasistimu omsindo, adinga amandla azinzile nahlanzekile.

Ama-sine wave inverters ashintshiwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akhiqiza i-waveform enezinyathelo. Yize zithengeka kakhudlwana, okukhiphayo kungase kubangele izinkinga ngamadivayisi athembele ekulawuleni okunembile kwamandla kagesi, njengama-microwave noma amaphrinta e-laser. Ukuhlanekezela okuphezulu kwe-harmonic ekukhishweni kwe-sine wave eguquliwe nakho kungaholela ekwandeni kokukhiqizwa kokushisa nokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kumadivayisi axhunyiwe.

Ithiphu: Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi noma izinto zikagesi ezizwelayo, hlala ukhetha isiguquli se-sine wave ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle nokuphila isikhathi eside kwamadivayisi akho.

Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Ukuguqulwa Inqubo

Inqubo yokuguqula i-DC ibe yi-AC ibandakanya izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezichazwe kahle, ngasinye sinomthelela ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeni kahle kwe-inverter:

1. Idizayini yesistimu kanye nokucaciswa kwayo: Chaza i-voltage oyifunayo, imvamisa, kanye nezici ze-waveform. Lesi sinyathelo siqinisekisa ukuthi i-inverter ihlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza.
2. Ukukhetha Indlela Yokuguquguqula: Khetha indlela yokushintshashintsha, efana nokushintshashintsha kwe-pulse-width (PWM), ukuze ulawule amasignali okushintsha kwesiguquli.
3. Lawula Ukuthuthukiswa Komqondo: Thuthukisa ama-algorithms ukuze uhumushe i-waveform ye-AC efiselekayo ibe yizimo zokushintshwa ezinembile zezingxenye ze-semiconductor ye-inverter.
4. I-PWM Signal Generation: Sebenzisa ama-digital signal processors (DSPs) noma ama- gate-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) ukuze ukhiqize amasignali e-PWM emvamisa ephezulu asuselwa kuqhinga elikhethiwe lokushintshashintsha.
5. Ukushintsha Ukusebenza: Yenza kusebenze amaswishi e-semiconductor ye-inverter ngokulandelana okuguqula okokufaka kwe-DC kube i-waveform ye-AC.
6. Ukuhlunga: Dlulisa okukhiphayo ngezihlungi ukuze bushelelezi i-waveform futhi unciphise ukuhlanekezela kwe-harmonic, uqinisekise ukuthi ihlangabezana negridi noma amazinga wedivayisi.
7. Ukulawulwa Kokukhiphayo: Qhubeka uqaphe futhi ulungise okukhiphayo ukuze ugcine i-voltage ezinzile kanye nemvamisa, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo ezihlukene.

Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi i-inverter iletha amandla e-AC athembekile nasebenza kahle, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi awezinto zasendlini, izinto zasembonini, noma ukuhlanganiswa kwegridi. Izinqubo zokuhlola ezithuthukisiwe ziqinisekisa ukunemba nokuzinza kwesinyathelo ngasinye, iqinisekisa ukuthi isiguquli sisebenza njengoba kulindelekile ezimweni zomhlaba wangempela.

I-Callout: Izinto ezintsha ekwakhiweni kwe-inverter, ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwe-MPPT nezindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokumodulisa, zithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kwe-DC kuya ku-AC amandla okuguqulwa. Lezi ntuthuko zenza ama-inverter abaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamanje zamandla.

Izinhlobo zama-DC kuya ku-AC Inverters

Ama-Inverters Aboshwe Ngegridi

Ama-inverter ahlanganiswe negridi aklanyelwe ukuvumelanisa negridi kagesi. Baguqula amandla e-DC asuka emithonjeni efana namaphaneli elanga abe amandla e-AC afana ne-voltage yegridi kanye nemvamisa. Lawa ma-inverters alungele amasistimu lapho abasebenzisi bafuna ukuthengisa ugesi oweqile babuyele kugridi ngezinhlelo ze-net metering.

Ngiqaphele ukuthi ama-inverter aboshwe ngegridi abusa imakethe ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwawo kanye nokutholwa okusabalele ezinhlelweni zokuhlala nezokuhweba ze-solar PV. Ikhono labo lokuphakela amandla anqwabelene kugridi libenza babe ukukhetha okungabizi kakhulu kubanikazi bezindlu namabhizinisi. Isibonelo, ikhaya elingaphansi kwedolobha eline-shading eyingxenye lingazuza kuma-microinverters, akhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kuze kufike ku-15%.

Ithiphu: Uma ukhetha i-inverter eboshwe ngegridi, qiniseka ukuthi isekela imvamisa yegridi yesifunda sakho (50Hz noma 60Hz) futhi ithobelana nemithetho yendawo efana nezindinganiso ze-UL 1741.

Iziguquli ze-Off-Grid

Ama-inverters angaphandle kwegridi asebenza ngokuzimele ngaphandle kwegridi kagesi. Zibalulekile ezindaweni ezikude lapho ukufinyelela kwegridi kungatholakali noma kungathembekile. Lezi ziguquli ziguqula amandla e-DC ukusuka kumabhethri noma imithombo evuselelekayo ibe amandla e-AC kumasistimu azimele.

Ngibonile ukuthi amasistimu angaphandle kwegridi aya ngokuduma ngenxa yekhono lawo lokuhlinzeka ngokuzimela kwamandla. Ziwusizo ikakhulukazi kumakhebhini, ezindlini zasemakhaya, nasezimisweni zokutakula izinhlekelele. Kodwa-ke, ama-inverter angaphandle kwegridi adinga ukulinganiswa ngokucophelela ukuze afane nezidingo zamandla. Isibonelo, isilinganiso esiphezulu samandla aqhubekayo kufanele silinganiswe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle.

Qaphela: Amasistimu angaphandle kwegridi ngokuvamile ahlanganisa ukugcinwa kwebhethri, ngakho-ke khetha i-inverter ehambisana namandla namandla ebhethri lakho.

I-Hybrid Inverters

Ama-inverter amaHybrid ahlanganisa izici zesistimu eboshwe ngegridi kanye ne-off-grid, enikeza ukuguquguquka ekutholeni amandla. Lawa ma-inverters angashintsha ngaphandle komthungo phakathi kwamandla egridi,isitoreji sebhethri, kanye nemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo.

Ngibone ama-inverter e-hybrid ephumelela ezinhlelweni zokuhlala ze-solar-plus-storage. Isibonelo, uhlelo olulodwa lwehlise ukusetshenziswa kukagesi wegridi ngo-80%, ngenxa yekhono lalo lokugcina amandla elanga engeziwe ukuze lisetshenziswe kamuva. Ama-inverter amaHybrid aphinde asekele ukugeleza kwamandla okuqondiswa kabili, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bashaje amabhethri ngamahora angasebenzi kakhulu futhi bawakhiphe ngesikhathi sokufunwa okuphezulu.

Izici ezibalulekile zama-Hybrid Inverters:

• I-Waveform: Ukukhishwa kwe-sine wave okuhlanzekile kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nama-electronics abucayi.
• Ukuhlanganiswa Kwebhethri: Isebenza ngamabhethri noma ngaphandle kwawo, kuye ngomklamo wesistimu.
• Amandla Ahambisanayo: Isekela ama-inverter amaningi okukhipha amandla aphezulu.

I-Callout: Iziguquli ezihlanganisiwe zilungele abasebenzisi abafuna ukuguquguquka kwamandla kanye nokuqina, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho kucishwa khona ugesi okuvamile.

Ama-Microinverters

Ama-Microinverters amelela intuthuko enkulu kubuchwepheshe be-inverter. Ngokungafani nama-inverters ezintambo zendabuko, axhuma ama-solar panel amaningi ku-inverter eyodwa, ama-microinverters asebenza ezingeni lephaneli. Iphaneli ngayinye yelanga ithola i-microinverter yayo ezinikezele, eyivumela ukuthi isebenze ngokuzimela. Lo mklamo uthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla nokuthembeka kwesistimu.

Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zama-microinverters yikhono lawo lokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla. Ngiqaphele ukuthi kumasistimu ane-shading ingxenye noma umumo wamaphaneli ahlukahlukene, ama-microinverters enza kahle kakhulu kunama-inverter eyunithi yezinhlamvu. Isibonelo, uma iphaneli eyodwa kusistimu ye-inverter yeyunithi yezinhlamvu ihlangabezana nokufiphazwa, konke okukhiphayo kweyunithi yezinhlamvu kuyehla. Ngama-microinverter, ukuphuma kwephaneli enomthunzi kuphela kuncipha, kuyilapho abanye beqhubeka nokusebenza ngomthamo ogcwele.

Ama-Microinverters aphinde enze ukuqapha kwesistimu kube lula. Amamodeli amaningi afaka amamojula okuxhumana akhelwe ngaphakathi ahlinzeka ngedatha yokusebenza yesikhathi sangempela yephaneli ngayinye. Lesi sici sikwenza kube lula ukuhlonza nokulungisa izinkinga, njengephaneli elingasebenzi kahle, ngaphandle kokuthikameze isistimu yonke.

Ithiphu: Uma ufaka isistimu yelanga endaweni ene-shading evamile noma imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi yophahla, ama-microinverters ayisinqumo esihle kakhulu. Bakhulisa ukukhishwa kwamandla futhi banciphise umthelela wezici zemvelo.

Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zabo, ama-microinverters eza nezindleko eziphezulu zangaphambili uma kuqhathaniswa nama-inverter ezintambo. Kodwa-ke, ngithole ukuthi izinzuzo zabo zesikhathi eside, ezifana nesivuno samandla esithuthukisiwe kanye nokulungiswa okuncishisiwe, kuvame ukudlula ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala. Zikulungele kahle kakhulu ukufakwa kwe-solar yokuhlala kanye namaphrojekthi amancane okuhweba lapho ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kubaluleke kakhulu.

I-Callout: Ama-Microinverters ahambisana namaphaneli elanga amaningi futhi alungele izinhlelo ezidinga ukuguquguquka okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle. Idizayini yabo ye-modular ibenza kube lula ukunwetshwa esikhathini esizayo.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile ze-DC kuya kuziguquli ze-AC

I-Solar Energy Systems

Amasistimu wamandla elanga athembele kakhulu kuma-inverter e-DC kuya ku-AC ukuze aguqule amandla amanje aqondile akhiqizwa amaphaneli e-photovoltaic (PV) abe amanje ashintshanayo afanele ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya noma kwegridi. Ngibonile ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwalokhu kuguqulwa kunomthelela ngqo ekusebenzeni okuphelele kokufakwa kwe-solar. Ama-inverter athuthukisiwe afakelwe ubuchwepheshe be-Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) aqinisekisa ukukhishwa kwamandla afanele kumaphaneli elanga, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokukhanya kwelanga.

Ucwaningo lwakamuva lugqamisaukubaluleka kokuklama ama-inverter asebenza kahle elanga. Igcizelela imisebenzi efana nokuzwa kwamanje, ukuphathwa kwamandla kagesi, nokulandelela indawo yamandla. Ukusebenzisa i-architecture ethuthukisiwe, efana ne-field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-inverter. Lolu cwaningo luphinde luqhathanise izindlela zendabuko nezamanje ze-inverter ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zomthwalo, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi:

Lokhu okutholakele kubonisa ukuthi imiklamo ye-inverter yesimanje inciphisa kanjani ukuhlanekezela kwe-harmonic, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamandla nokuthembeka kwesistimu. Kumasistimu elanga okuhlala kuwo, lokhu kusho ukulahleka kwamandla okumbalwa nokuhambisana kangcono nempahla yasendlini.

Ithiphu: Uma ukhetha i-inverter yesistimu yelanga, beka phambili amamodeli ngobuchwepheshe be-MPPT kanye ne-low total harmonic distortion (THD) ukuze usebenze kahle kakhulu.

Amasistimu Okugcina Amandla Ebhethri (BESS)

I-Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) incike kuziguquli ukuze zilawule ukuhamba kwamandla phakathi kwamabhethri nemithwalo exhunyiwe. Ngiqaphele ukuthi ama-inverter ku-BESS awashintshi nje kuphela i-DC kuya ku-AC kodwa futhi alawula imijikelezo yokushaja nokukhipha. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhethri asebenza kahle futhi ahlala isikhathi eside.

Ubufakazi bezibalo bukhombisa ukuthi ama-microinverters ahlinzeka ngenzuzo yokusebenza kahle engu-5-10% uma kuqhathaniswa nama-inverter endabuko kuwoBESS izicelo. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuvela emandleni abo okuthuthukisa ukuguqulwa kwamandla ezingeni lemojuli. Ngokwesibonelo:

Lezi zinzuzo ezisebenza kahle zihumusha zibe izindleko eziphansi zamandla kanye nokusebenza okungcono kwesistimu. Ezilungiselelweni zokuhlala, lokhu kusho ukuthi abanikazi bezindlu bangagcina amandla elanga amaningi emini futhi bawasebenzise ebusuku, banciphise ukuthembela kugridi. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zezentengiso, i-BESS enama-inverter asebenzayo iqinisekisa ukunikezwa kwamandla okungaphazamiseki ngesikhathi sokufunwa okuphezulu noma ukuphela.

I-callout: Khetha ama-inverters ahambisana nohlobo lwebhethri namandla akho ukuze ukwandise izinzuzo ze-BESS yakho.

Izimoto zikagesi (EVs)

Izimoto zikagesi (EVs) zithembele kuziguquli ukuze ziguqule amandla e-DC ukusuka kumabhethri azo abe amandla e-AC ezinjini zazo. Ngibonile ukuthi isilinganiso samandla se-inverter sinquma kanjani ukufaneleka kwayo ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zama-EV. Izimoto zabagibeli ezincane ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ama-inverter anezilinganisokuze kufike ku-130 kW, kuyilapho ama-EV asebenza kahle namaloli athwala kanzima edinga izilinganiso ezingaphezu kuka-250 kW.

Ama-inverter nawo adlala indima ebalulekile eziteshini zokushaja ze-EV. Baqinisekisa ukuhambisana phakathi kwamandla wegridi we-AC kanye nesistimu yebhethri yemoto ye-DC. Ama-inverter athuthukile anamandla okuqondisa kabili avumela ama-EV ukuthi asebenze njengamayunithi okugcina amandla, ephakela amandla abuyele kugridi ngesikhathi sokufunwa okuphezulu.

Qaphela: Uma uhlola iziguquli ze-EV, cabangela isilinganiso samandla, ukusebenza kahle, nokuhambisana nesistimu yemoto nebhethri.

I-RV, Marine, namandla Aphathekayo

Ama-inverters adlala indima ebalulekile ekunikezeni amandla izimoto zokungcebeleka (ama-RV), imikhumbi yasolwandle, nezinhlelo zamandla aphathekayo. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zidinga ukuguqulwa okuthembekile kwe-DC ukuya ku-AC ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla angaphazamiseki kumadivayisi abalulekile nezinto zikagesi. Ngibonile ukuthi isiguquli esilungile singayiguqula kanjani i-RV noma isikebhe sibe ikhaya elihambayo elisebenza ngokugcwele noma indawo yokusebenza.

Kuma-RV, ama-inverters aguqula amandla e-DC asuka kumabhethri angaphakathi abe amandla e-AC ezinto zikagesi ezifana nama-microwave, ama-air conditioner, namathelevishini. Ama-inverter e-sine wave ahlanzekile alungele lokhu kusetha ngoba anikeza amandla ahlanzekile, aqinisekisa ukuhambisana nama-electronics abucayi. Isibonelo, i-inverter engu-2000-watt ingakwazi ukuphatha izinto zikagesi ze-RV eziningi, kuyilapho amasistimu amakhulu angase adinge amandla aphezulu.

Izicelo zasolwandle zivame ukubhekana nezinselele eziyingqayizivele, njengokugqwala kwamanzi anosawoti kanye nesikhala esilinganiselwe. Ama-inverters ebanga lasolwandle abhekana nalezi zinkinga ngokuvaleka okuqinile nemiklamo ehlangene. Ngincoma ukukhetha i-inverter enezinga eliphezulu lokuvikelwa kokungena (IP) ukuze limelane nezindawo ezinokhahlo. Ukwengeza, ama-inverter ayi-hybrid anamandla okushaja elanga angathuthukisa ukuzimela kwamandla ohambo olude.

Amasistimu wamandla aphathekayo, afana nalawo asetshenziselwa ukukhempa noma imicimbi yangaphandle, azuza kuma-inverter angasindi nahlangene. Lezi zinhlelo zivame ukubhanqa namaphaneli elanga aphathwayo noma amaphakethe ebhethri ukuze anikeze amandla e-AC kumadivayisi amancane njengamakhompyutha aphathekayo, izibani, namafeni. Ama-sine wave inverters ayisinqumo esingabizi kakhulu sezidingo eziyisisekelo, kodwa amamodeli we-sine wave anikeza ukusebenza okungcono kwemishini ebucayi.

Ithiphu: Uma ukhetha i-inverter ye-RV, yasolwandle, noma ukusetshenziswa okuphathekayo, cabangela izici ezifana nomthamo wamandla, uhlobo lwe-waveform, nokuqina kwemvelo. Hlala uqondanisa izicaciso ze-inverter nezimfuno zakho zamandla ukuze usebenze kahle.

Ungayikhetha kanjani i-DC elungile ukuya ku-AC Inverter

Nquma Izidingo Zamandla

Ukukhetha inverter efanele kuqala ngokuqonda izidingo zakho zamandla. Ngihlala ngincoma ukubala isamba samanzi sawo wonke amadivayisi ohlela ukuwaxhuma. Engeza amandla okusebenzisa okokusebenza ngakunye, bese ufaka isigcinalwazi esingu-20–30% esizolandisa ngokuqalwa kabusha noma imithwalo engalindelekile. Isibonelo, uma izinto zakho zikagesi zidinga ama-watts angu-1,500, khetha isiguquli esilinganiselwe okungenani sama-watts angu-2,000. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile ngaphandle kokulayisha kakhulu isistimu.

Ngokusetha okukhulu, okufana nezinhlelo zamandla elanga noma ama-RV, cabanga ngokuqhubekayo kwe-inverter nezilinganiso zamandla aphezulu. Amandla aqhubekayo asho umthwalo omkhulu i-inverter engawuphatha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuyilapho amandla aphezulu e-akhawunti yokuqhuma okufushane kwesidingo esiphezulu. Ukufanisa lezi zilinganiso nezidingo zakho zamandla kuvimbela ukungasebenzi kanye nokulimala okungaba khona kumadivayisi akho.

Khetha i-Output Waveform

Uhlobo lokukhishwa kwe-waveform ludlala indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni i-inverter. Ngivame ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kokukhetha phakathi kwe-sine wave ehlanzekile kanye nama-inverter e-sine wave aguquliwe ngokusekelwe kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Iziguquli ezihlanzekile ze-sine wave zikhiqiza igagasi elibushelelezi, elifana negridi le-AC, okuwenza alungele izinto zikagesi ezibucayi njengemishini yezokwelapha, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, namasistimu omsindo. Ama-sine wave inverter alungisiwe, nakuba ethengeka kakhudlwana, akhiqiza i-waveform enesitebhisi engase ibangele izinkinga ngamadivayisi athile, njengama-microwave noma amaphrinta e-laser.

Ukukhombisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-inverter, cabanga ngokuqhathanisa okulandelayo:

Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi, ngihlala ngincoma ama-inverters e-sine wave ahlanzekile. Ziqinisekisa ukuhambisana futhi zivikela amadivayisi akho ekulimaleni okungaba khona okubangelwa ukungahambi kahle kwe-waveform.

Fanisa I-Voltage Yokufaka ye-DC

Ukufanisa i-voltage yokufaka ye-DC ye-inverter nomthombo wakho wamandla kubalulekile ukuze usebenze kahle. Ama-inverter amaningi aklanyelwe ukusebenza ngama-voltage athile okokufaka, afana no-12V, 24V, noma 48V. Ngeluleka ukuthi uhlole i-voltage yebhethri lakho noma isistimu yephaneli yelanga ngaphambi kokuthenga i-inverter. Isibonelo, isistimu yebhethri engu-12V idinga inverter yokufaka engu-12V. Ukusebenzisa i-voltage engahambelani kungaholela ekungasebenzi kahle noma ngisho nokulimala ku-inverter.

Amasistimu kagesi aphezulu, afana no-48V, asebenza kahle kakhulu ekusetheni okukhulu ngoba anciphisa ukugeleza kwamanje futhi anciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla. Lokhu kubenza babe ukukhetha okungcono kokufaka i-solar noma amasistimu angaphandle kwegridi anezidingo ezibalulekile zamandla. Njalo qinisekisa ububanzi be-voltage ye-inverter ekucacisweni komkhiqizi ukuze uqinisekise ukuhambisana nomthombo wakho wamandla.

Cabangela Ukusebenza Ngempumelelo

Ukusebenza kahle kudlala indima ebalulekile lapho kukhethwa isiguquli se-DC siye ku-AC. Ngihlale ngigcizelela ukubaluleka kokukhetha i-inverter enesilinganiso esiphezulu sokusebenza kahle, njengoba lokhu kuthinta ngokuqondile ukonga amandla nokusebenza kwesistimu. Ama-inverter amaningi esimanje afinyelela amazinga okusebenza kahle phakathi kuka-90% no-98%. Kodwa-ke, nomahluko omncane ungathinta kakhulu izindleko zamandla zesikhathi eside.

Isibonelo, isiguquli esisebenzayo esingu-95% siguqula u-95% wamandla e-DC okokufaka abe amandla e-AC asebenzisekayo, okulahleka okungu-5% kuphela njengokushisa. Ngokuphambene, i-inverter engu-90% esebenza kahle imosha amandla aphindwe kabili. Lo mehluko ugqama kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezinkulu, njengokufakwa kwelanga, lapho ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kungangeza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ithiphu: Bheka ama-inverter anezitifiketi ezifana ne-Energy Star noma ukuthobelana namazinga afana ne-UL 1741. Lezi zitifiketi ziqinisekisa ukuthi isiguquli esiguquguqukayo sihlangabezana nezimpawu zomkhakha zokusebenza kahle nokuphepha.

Ukwengeza, cabangela ukusebenza kahle kwe-inverter ngaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo oyingxenye. Amasistimu amaningi asebenza ngaphansi komthamo wawo omkhulu isikhathi esiningi sosuku. Ama-inverter anomthwalo ogcwele ingxenye esebenza kahle enza kangcono kulezi zimo, akhulise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Izici eziqondene nohlelo lokusebenza

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zidinga izici ezithile ze-inverter. Ngihlala ngincoma ukuthi uhlole isimo sakho sokusebenzisa ukuze ubone izici ezibaluleke kakhulu. Isibonelo, uma uhlanganisa i-inverter ohlelweni lwamandla elanga, beka phambili amamodeli nge-Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). Lesi sici sithuthukisa ukukhishwa kwamandla kumaphaneli elanga, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokukhanya kwelanga.

Ngokusethwa kwe-off-grid, izici ezifana nokuhambelana kwebhethri nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okungenzi lutho okuphansi kubaluleka. Iziguquli eziklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwegridi ngokuvamile zihlanganisa amasistimu okuphatha amabhethri athuthukile ukuze anwebe impilo yebhethri futhi athuthukise ukwethembeka.

Ezinhlelweni zasolwandle noma ze-RV, ukuqina nedizayini ehlangene iza kuqala. Ngibonile ukuthi ama-inverter anezilinganiso eziphakeme zokuvikela ukungena (IP) asebenza kahle kanjani ezindaweni ezinokhahlo. Amanye amamodeli aphinde afake ukuvikelwa kokuhlinzwa okwakhelwe ngaphakathi, okuvikela izinto zikagesi ezizwelayo kuma-voltage spikes.

I-callout: Hlala uqondanisa izici ze-inverter nezidingo zakho ezithile. Ukweqa imisebenzi ebalulekile kungaholela ekungasebenzini kahle noma ezinkingeni zokuhambisana.

Isabelomali kanye nesithunzi somkhiqizo

Ukulinganisa izindleko nekhwalithi kubalulekile lapho ukhetha i-inverter. Ngeluleka ngokumelene nokukhetha inketho eshibhile ngaphandle kokucabangela ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside nokwethembeka. Ngenkathi ama-inverter alungele isabelomali angase onge imali kusengaphambili, avame ukuntula izici ezithuthukile nokuqina.

Imikhiqizo ehlonishwayo, njenge-SMA, i-SolarEdge, kanyeI-Victron Energy, ngokuqhubekayo ukuletha imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu. Laba bakhiqizi batshala imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, beqinisekisa ukuthi ama-inverter abo ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zomkhakha futhi asebenza ngokwethembeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Qaphela: Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okuphezulu kumkhiqizo owaziwayo kuvame ukukhokha ngokusebenzisa ukusebenza kahle okungcono, ubude bempilo, kanye nezindleko zokunakekela eziphansi.

Lapho uhlola ibhajethi yakho, cabangela izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi. Lokhu akubandakanyi nje kuphela inani lokuthenga kodwa nokufaka, ukunakekelwa, kanye nokulahleka kwamandla okungenzeka. Ngithole ukuthi ama-inverter aphakathi kwebanga ngokuvamile athola ibhalansi engcono kakhulu phakathi kokungabizi kakhulu nokusebenza.

Ithiphu: Cwaninga izibuyekezo zekhasimende futhi ufune izincomo kochwepheshe bemboni ukuze uhlonze amabhrendi anedumela eliqinile lekhwalithi nosekelo.

Ukucatshangelwa Okubalulekile kokuguqulwa kwe-DC kuya ku-AC

Ukusebenza Ukulahlekelwa

Ukulahlekelwa kokusebenza kahle kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwamandla e-DC ukuya ku-AC, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokukhiqiza ukushisa nokumelana kwangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwesiguquli. Ngibonile ukuthi lokhu kulahlekelwa kuyehluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-inverter kanye nebanga lamandla. Isibonelo, iziguquli ze-AC/DC zokuthuthukisa zingase zibe nakhokufika ku-2.5 izikhathi zokulahlekelwa ngaphezu kwe-DC/DCabaguquli. Ithebula elingezansi ligqamisa lo mehluko:

Ukuze unciphise lokhu kulahlekelwa, ngincoma ukuthi ukhethe ama-inverter anezilinganiso ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ngokuvamile ezingaphezu kwama-95%. Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obufana ne-Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) busiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuguqulwa kwamandla, ikakhulukazi kumasistimu elanga. Ukunakekela njalo, njengokuhlanza amafeni okupholisa kanye nokuqinisekisa ukungena komoya ngendlela efanele, kunciphisa nokumoshakala kwamandla.

Ithiphu: Njalo hlola ijika elisebenza kahle le-inverter. Amamodeli ekhwalithi ephezulu agcina ukusebenza okungaguquki kulo lonke uhla lwemithwalo.

Ukulinganisa Okufanelekile

Ukulinganisa okufanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-inverter ingakwazi ukubhekana nesidingo samandla esiphelele ngaphandle kokulayisha ngokweqile. Ngiye ngeluleka njalo ukubala amanzi ahlanganisiwe awo wonke amadivayisi axhunyiwe futhi wengeze isigcinalwazi esingu-20–30% sokuhlinza kokuqalisa. Isibonelo, uma izinto zakho zikagesi zidinga ama-watts angu-1,800, khetha isiguquli esilinganiselwe okungenani sama-watts angu-2,400.

Ama-inverters angaphansi alwela ukuhlangabezana nesidingo, okuholela ekungasebenzi kahle kanye nomonakalo ongaba khona. Ama-inverter amakhulu, kuyilapho ephephile, angase abangele ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okungadingekile kanye nezindleko eziphezulu. Ukufanisa izilinganiso zamandla eziguquguqukayo eziqhubekayo neziphakeme kunezidingo zakho kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu.

I-callout: Kuzinhlelo zelanga, cabangela ububanzi be-voltage yokufaka ye-inverter. Ukungafani namaphaneli akho elanga noma ibhange lebhethri kunganciphisa ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka.

Ukufakwa Nokuphepha

Ukufakwa ngendlela efanele kubalulekile kukho kokubili ukusebenza nokuphepha. Ngike ngabona ama-inverter angafakiwe kahle adala ukushisa ngokweqile, amaphutha kagesi, ngisho nemililo. Hlala ulandela izinkombandlela zomkhiqizi futhi uqashe osebenza ngogesi oqinisekisiwe ngokusetha okuyinkimbinkimbi.

Qinisekisa ukuthi i-inverter ifakwe endaweni enomoya omuhle, kude nelanga eliqondile kanye nomswakama. Sebenzisa izintambo ezinosayizi ofanele ukuze uvimbele ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kanye nokushisa ngokweqile. Ukugawula isistimu ngendlela efanele futhi kuvikela ekushaqekeni kukagesi kanye nama-surges.

Qaphela: Izifunda eziningi zidinga ukuthotshelwa kwamazinga okuphepha afana ne-UL 1741 yama-inverter ahlanganiswe negridi. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-inverter yakho iyahlangabezana nalezi zitifiketi ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza okuphephile.

Izici Zemvelo

Izimo zemvelo zithinta kakhulu ukusebenza nokuphila isikhathi eside kwe-DC kuya kuma-inverter e-AC. Ngiye ngaqaphela ukuthi izici ezifana nezinga lokushisa, umswakama, nokunqwabelana kothuli kungaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle nokuthembeka. Ukuqonda lezi ziguquguqukayo kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle futhi kunwebe isikhathi sempilo ye-inverter yakho.

Izinga lokushisa

Izinga lokushisa lidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-inverter. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angabangela ukushisa ngokweqile, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nezinto ezingase zilimaze zangaphakathi. Ama-inverter amaningi asebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile lokushisa, ngokuvamile -10°C kuya ku-50°C (14°F kuya ku-122°F). Ukusebenza ngaphandle kwalolu banga kungase kuqalise ukuvalwa kokushisa noma kwehlise izinga lokusebenza.

Ukuze unciphise lokhu, ngincoma ukufaka ama-inverters ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, ezinomoya omuhle. Isibonelo, ukubeka i-inverter egaraji elinomoya ofanele kungavimbela ukushisa ngokweqile. Amanye amamodeli athuthukile afaka amasistimu okupholisa akhelwe ngaphakathi, njengamafeni noma osinki bokushisa, ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elilungile.

Ithiphu: Hlola idatha yedatha ye-inverter yebanga lokushisa layo lokusebenza futhi uqinisekise ukuthi isayithi yokufaka ihlangabezana nalezi zidingo. 

Umswakamo kanye Nomswakama

Umswakama owedlulele noma ukuchayeka emanzini kungagqwala izingxenye zangaphakathi futhi kubangele amaphutha kagesi. Izindawo zasolwandle, ikakhulukazi, zinezinselelo ngenxa yokuchayeka emanzini anosawoti. Ngihlale ngeluleka ukusebenzisa ama-inverters anezilinganiso zokuvikela okuphezulu kokungena (IP), njenge-IP65, ngezimo zangaphandle noma eziswakeme. Lawa mamodeli avaliwe ukuvimbela ukungena komswakama.

Uthuli Nemfucumfucu

Ukunqwabelana kothuli kungavimba umoya futhi kubangele ukushisa ngokweqile. Ezindaweni ezinothuli, ngincoma ukusebenzisa ama-inverters anezindawo ezivalekile ezingangeni uthuli. Ukunakekelwa okuvamile, njengokuhlanza ama-vents nezihlungi, nakho kusiza ukugcina ukusebenza kahle.

I-callout: Izici zemvelo zingathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-inverter. Hlala ucabangela lezi zimo phakathi nokufakwa ukuze ukwandise ukusebenza kahle nokuqina.

Uchwepheshe be-BSLBATT ku-DC-AC Conversion Solutions

Kwa-BSLBATT, sisebenza ngokukhethekile ekuletheni izixazululo zokuguqulwa ze-DC ku-AC eziklanyelwe izidingo zamandla zesimanje. Amasistimu ethu okugcina amandla ebhethri (BESS) ahlanganisa ngaphandle komthungo namasistimu okuguqula amandla athuthukile (PCS), aqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokuthembeka. Lezi zixazululo zenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zazo zombili izicelo zokuhlala nezohwebo, ezihlinzeka ngokusebenza okungenakuqhathaniswa ekuhlanganisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo.

Ukuguqulwa kwamandla e-DC ukuya ku-AC kusalokhu kuyisisekelo sezinhlelo zamandla zanamuhla. Ivala igebe phakathi kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo kanye namadivayisi esithembele kuwo nsuku zonke. Ama-Inverters adlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo, aqinisekisa ukuguqulwa kwamandla ngendlela efanele kuyilapho egcina ukuhambisanaumshini wasendlinis, okokusebenza kwezimboni, namagridi kagesi.

Ukukhetha inverter efanele kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kokusebenza kahle, izidingo zamandla, nezici eziqondene nohlelo lokusebenza. Ngokwesibonelo, ukucupha nge95% ukusebenza kahlezihamba phambili ezimeni zamandla aphansi, kuyilapho lawo anokusebenza kahle okungama-85% ahambisana nezidingo zamandla aphezulu.

Ukuthi unika amandla isistimu yamandla elanga noma ukuhlanganisa negridi, ukukhetha inverter efanele kuqinisekisa ukwethembeka nokusebenza kahle.

I-callout: Ukuguqulwa kwamandla e-DC kuya ku-AC akuyona nje inqubo yobuchwepheshe; kuyisango lezixazululo zamandla esimeme. Thatha isikhathi sokuhlola izidingo zakho bese ukhetha i-inverter ehambisana nemigomo yakho.

FAQ

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwamagagasi e-sine ahlanzekile nama-modified sine wave inverters?

Iziguquli ze-sine wave ezihlanzekile zikhiqiza amandla abushelelezi, afana negridi ye-AC, alungele izinto zikagesi ezibucayi. Iziguquli ze-sine wave eziguquliwe zikhiqiza amandla anyathelayo, angase abangele izinkinga ngamadivayisi athile. Ngincoma ama-inverters e-sine wave wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi ukuze uqinisekise ukuhambisana nokuvikela imishini yakho.

Ngibala kanjani usayizi we-inverter olungile wezidingo zami?

Engeza amandla awo wonke amadivayisi ohlela ukuwaxhuma. Faka phakathi i-20–30% yebhafa yokuhlinzwa. Isibonelo, uma izinto zakho zikagesi zidinga ama-watts angu-1,500, khetha isiguquli esilinganiselwe okungenani sama-watts angu-2,000. Lokhu kuvimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile futhi kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile.

Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa i-inverter ngamaphaneli ami elanga?

Yebo, kodwa qinisekisa ukuthi i-inverter ifana nogesi wesistimu yephaneli yakho yelanga kanye nokuphuma kwamandla. Ngincoma ama-inverters anobuchwepheshe be-Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) ukuze kukhishwe amandla aphelele. Lesi sici sikhulisa ukusebenza kahle, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokukhanya kwelanga.

Ingabe ama-inverter aphephile ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinomswakama noma ezingaphandle?

Iziguquli ezidizayinelwe ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle zivame ukuba nezilinganiso zokuvikela okuphezulu kokungena (IP), njenge-IP65, ukuvimbela ukulimala komswakama. Ngiphakamisa ukuzifaka ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, ezinomoya futhi nokukhetha amamodeli anezivikelo eziqinile ukuze ahlale ezimweni ezinzima.

Ngingakuthuthukisa kanjani ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu yami ye-inverter?

Khetha i-inverter enezinga eliphezulu lokusebenza kahle, ngaphezu kwama-95%. Ukunakekelwa okuvamile, njengokuhlanza ama-vents nokuqinisekisa ukugeleza komoya ngendlela efanele, kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla. Izici ezithuthukile ezifana nobuchwepheshe be-MPPT futhi zithuthukisa ukusebenza, ikakhulukazi kumasistimu wamandla elanga.