Bateri izubabyahindutse bisanzwe kuri sisitemu yingufu za PV, kandi niba sisitemu yo kubika neza yatoranijwe idakora neza kandi idahuye nibiranga sisitemu ya PV, ihinduka rero ishoramari ribi, ridaharanira inyungu kandi uhomba amafaranga menshi.Abantu benshi, shyiramo bateri yumuriro wa lithium yumuriro hagamijwe gusa kubyara amafaranga yo kuzigama hamwe na sisitemu ya PV, ariko akenshi ntabwo ikoreshwa neza neza kuberako bamwe mubakora cyangwa ibirango bya batiri batanga ibicuruzwa bifite imiterere idakwiye.Ariko ni ibihe bintu biranga bateri izuba murugo igomba gukora neza? Ni iki ukwiye kwibandaho muguhitamo sisitemu yo kubika kugirango wirinde guta amafaranga? Reka tubishakire hamwe muriyi ngingo.Ubushobozi bwa Batiri izubaMubisobanuro, umurimo wa batiri ya lithium yumuriro wizuba nukubika ingufu zirenze zakozwe na sisitemu ya fotovoltaque kumunsi kugirango ikoreshwe ako kanya niba sisitemu itagishoboye gutanga ingufu zihagije zo guha ingufu umutwaro murugo.Amashanyarazi yubusa atangwa niyi sisitemu ya batiri yizuba murugo anyura munzu, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi nka firigo, imashini imesa na pompe yubushyuhe, hanyuma bigaburirwa muri gride.Bateri yizuba murugo ituma bishoboka kugarura izo mbaraga zirenze, ubundi byahabwa hafi leta, ikanayikoresha nijoro, birinda gukenera ingufu zinyongera kumafaranga.Mu ngo aho gaze gasanzwe idakoreshwa, ibintu byose bigomba gukora binyuze mumashanyarazi, bityo bateri yizuba murugo ni ngombwa.Imipaka yonyine niba ingano ya PV ari.Umwanya wo hejuru- Ingengo yimari iboneka- Ubwoko bwa sisitemu (icyiciro kimwe cyangwa icyiciro cya gatatu)Kuri bateri yizuba murugo, ubunini ni ngombwa.Nubushobozi bunini bwa bateri yizuba murugo, niko umubare munini wamafaranga yo gutera inkunga kandi niko kuzigama "impanuka" byatewe na sisitemu ya PV.Kubunini bukwiye, mubisanzwe ndasaba sisitemu ifite ubunini bwikubye kabiri ubushobozi bwa sisitemu ya PV.Ufite imirasire y'izuba 5kW? Noneho igitekerezo nukujyana na bateri 10kWh.Sisitemu ya 10 kWt? Batiri 20 kWh.N'ibindi…Ni ukubera ko mu gihe cy'itumba, iyo amashanyarazi akenewe cyane, sisitemu ya 1 kWt itanga ingufu zingana na 3 kWh.Niba ugereranije 1/3 cyingufu zinjizwa nibikoresho byo murugo kugirango bikoreshe wenyine, 2/3 bigaburirwa muri gride. Kubwibyo, inshuro 2 ingano ya sisitemu irakenewe mububiko.Mu mpeshyi no mu cyi, sisitemu itanga ingufu nyinshi, ariko ingufu zinjiye ntizikura.Ubushobozi numubare gusa, kandi amategeko yo kumenya ingano ya bateri arihuta kandi byoroshye, nkuko nabikweretse. Nyamara, ibipimo bibiri bikurikiraho nibyubuhanga kandi nibyingenzi cyane kubashaka rwose kumva uburyo bwo kubona ibyiza.Kwishyuza no Gusohora ImbaragaBirasa nkibitangaje, ariko bateri igomba kwishyurwa no gusohora, kandi kugirango ubigire ifite icyuho, imbogamizi, nimbaraga ziteganijwe kandi zicungwa na inverter.Niba sisitemu yanjye igaburira 5 kW muri gride, ariko bateri zikoresha gusa 2,5 kWt, ndacyatakaza ingufu kuko 50% byingufu zirimo kugaburirwa kandi ntizibitswe.Igihe cyose urugo rwanjye rutwara imirasire yizuba ntakibazo, ariko niba bateri zanjye zapfuye kandi sisitemu itanga bike cyane (mugihe cyitumba), ingufu zabuze bivuze amafaranga yatakaye.Mbona rero imeri kubantu bafite 10 kWt ya PV, 20 kWh ya batteri (ifite ubunini buringaniye), ariko inverter irashobora gukora gusa 2,5 kW yumuriro.Imbaraga zo kwishyuza / gusohora nazo zigira ingaruka ku gihe cyo kwishyuza cya batiri.Niba ngomba kwishyuza bateri 20 kWh hamwe na 2.5 kWt yingufu, bimfata amasaha 8. Niba aho kuba 2,5 kW, ndishyuza na 5 kWt, bimfata igice cyigihe. Wishyura rero bateri nini, ariko ntushobora kuyishyuza, atari ukubera ko sisitemu idatanga umusaruro uhagije, ariko kubera ko inverter itinda cyane.Ibi bikunze kubaho hamwe nibicuruzwa "byateranijwe", ibyo rero mfite inverter yabigenewe kugirango ihuze na moderi ya bateri, iboneza ryayo ikunda kugarukira.Imbaraga zo kwishyuza / gusohora nazo ni ikintu cyingenzi cyo gukoresha neza bateri mugihe cyibisabwa.Nubukonje, 8h00, kandi inzu iranezerewe: akanama kinjira muri induction karimo gukora kuri kilowati 2, pompe yubushyuhe irasunika umushyushya kugirango ikuremo andi kilo 2, frigo, TV, amatara nibikoresho bitandukanye biracyagutwara 1 kWt, kandi ninde ubizi, birashoboka ko ufite amashanyarazi yumuriro, ariko reka tuyakure muburinganire kuri ubu.Ikigaragara ni uko muri ibi bihe, ingufu za Photovoltaque zidakorwa, ufite bateri zishiramo, ariko ntabwo byanze bikunze "wigenga byigihe gito" neza kuko niba inzu yawe isaba kilo 5 kandi bateri zitanga kilo 2,5 gusa, bivuze ko 50% byingufu ukomeje gufata kuri gride ukayishyura.Urabona paradox?Uruganda rusaba izuba ryurugo rutagukwiriye, ariko uragura uko byagenda kose kuko utabonye ikintu cyingenzi cyangwa, cyane cyane, umuntu waguhaye ibicuruzwa yaguhaye sisitemu ihendutse aho yashoboraga kubona amafaranga menshi ataguhaye amakuru afatika.Ah, birashoboka cyane ko nawe atazi ibi bintu.Bifitanye isano nimbaraga zo kwishyuza / gusohora nugukingura imirongo yikiganiro 3-icyiciro / icyiciro kimwe kuko bateri zimwe, kurugero, bateri 2 za BSLBATT Powerwall ntishobora gushyirwa kumurongo umwe wicyiciro kimwe kuko amashanyarazi abiri yiyongera (10 + 10 = 20) kugirango agere kububasha bukenewe mubyiciro bitatu.Noneho, reka tujye kumurongo wa gatatu kugirango dusuzume mugihe uhisemo bateri yizuba murugo: ubwoko bwa bateri izuba.Ubwoko bwa Batiri izubaMenya ko iki kintu cya gatatu aricyo "rusange" muri bitatu byatanzwe, kuko gikubiyemo ibintu byinshi bikwiye gusuzumwa, ariko ni ibya kabiri mubice bibiri byambere byatanzwe.Igabana ryacu rya mbere ryubuhanga bwo kubika riri hejuru yacyo. AC-guhinduranya cyangwa DC-ikomeza.Isubiramo rito.- Ikibaho cya batiri gitanga ingufu za DC- Igikorwa cya inverter ya sisitemu ni uguhindura ingufu ziva muri DC ukajya muri AC, ukurikije ibipimo bya gride yasobanuwe, bityo sisitemu yicyiciro kimwe ni 230V, 50/60 Hz.- Iki kiganiro gifite imikorere, kuburyo dufite ijanisha rito cyangwa ritoya ryo kumeneka, ni ukuvuga "gutakaza" ingufu, muritwe twibwira ko 98% bikora neza.- Imirasire y'izuba ya litiro yumuriro hamwe nimbaraga za DC, ntabwo ari AC power.Ibyo byose birasobanutse? …Niba bateri iri kuruhande rwa DC, bityo rero muri DC, inverter izaba ifite gusa inshingano yo guhindura ingufu nyazo zakozwe kandi zikoreshwa, kwimura ingufu zihoraho za sisitemu kuri bateri - nta guhinduka.Kurundi ruhande, niba bateri iri kuruhande rwa AC, dufite inshuro 3 inshuro zo guhinduka inverter ifite.- 98% yambere kuva mubihingwa kugeza gride- Iya kabiri yishyuza kuva AC kugeza DC, itanga imikorere ya 96%.- Ihinduka rya gatatu riva muri DC rija muri AC kugirango risohore, bivamo gukora neza muri rusange 94% (urebye imikorere ihoraho ya 98% kuri inverter, utitaye kubihombo mubikorwa byo kwishyuza no gusohora, biboneka muribibazo byombi).Noneho ni ngombwa kwerekana ko ihuriro ry’ikoranabuhanga ryombi ari icyemezo cyane cyane cyo gushyiramo bateri zibika ingufu mu gihe cyo kubaka sisitemu ya PV, kubera ko ikoranabuhanga ku ruhande rwa AC ariryo rikoreshwa cyane mu gihe cyo guhindura ibintu, ni ukuvuga gushyiramo bateri kuri sisitemu iriho, kubera ko bidasaba ko hahindurwa byinshi kuri sisitemu ya PV.Ikindi kintu ugomba gusuzuma mugihe cyubwoko bwa bateri ni chimie mububiko.Yaba LiFePo4, lithium ion, umunyu, nibindi, buri sosiyete ifite patenti zayo, ingamba zayo.Tugomba gushaka iki? Ninde wahitamo?Nibyoroshye: buri sosiyete ishora miriyoni mubushakashatsi na patenti hamwe nintego yoroshye yo gushakisha uburinganire bwiza hagati yikiguzi, imikorere nubwishingizi. Ku bijyanye na bateri, iyi ni imwe mu ngingo zingenzi: garanti yo kuramba no gukora neza mububiko.Ingwate rero ihinduka ibipimo byimpanuka ya "tekinoroji" yakoreshejwe.Batare yizuba murugo nibikoresho, nkuko twabivuze, ikora kugirango ikoreshe neza sisitemu ya PV no kubyara amafaranga murugo.Niba bidahari, ugomba kubaho uko byagenda kose!Nyuma yo kwihanganira imyaka 10, 70% yinyungu ziracyahari kandi niyo yacika, ntugomba byanze bikunze kuyisimbuza kuko mumyaka 5, 10 cyangwa 15, isi ishobora kuba ahantu hatandukanye rwose.Nigute ushobora kwirinda gukora amakosa?Byoroshye, muguhita uhindukirira abantu babishoboye, bafite ubumenyi bazahora bashira umukiriya hagati yumushinga, ntabwo ari inyungu zabo bwite.Niba ukeneye izindi nkunga, urugo rwacu BSLBATTuruganda rukora amashanyarazinukuri rwose ufite ubushobozi bwo kukuyobora muguhitamo ibicuruzwa bibereye urugo rwawe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-08-2024